Environmental variability and energetic adaptability of the great scallop, Pecten maximus, facing climate change

• Main Author: Lavaud, Romain
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Brest, S.A.L.M. Kooijman, ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), ANR-09-BLAN-0335,CHIVAS,Chimie des valves de la coquille Saint-Jacques européenne, archives multiproxies de la dynamique phytoplanctonique(2009)
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2014
• Subjects: Dynamic Energy Budget DEB; Pecten maximus; Modèle DEB; [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment/Bioclimatology; [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; Lofoten; Bergen
• Online Access: https://hal.univ-brest.fr/tel-02554927; https://hal.univ-brest.fr/tel-02554927/document; https://hal.univ-brest.fr/tel-02554927/file/Th%C3%A8se-Lavaud-2014.pdf

Les recherches présentées dans cette thèse ont été menées au Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin, Université de Bretagne occidentale (Plouzané, France), au Département de biologie théorique, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) et à l'Institut de recherche marine (Bergen, Norvège). The relationship between environmental conditions and life history has intrigued biologists for centuries. This thesis aims to better understand the variability of life history traits of the great scallop, Pecten maximus, facing environmental variability. This economically important species for French, English and Norwegian fisheries has a wide distribution range (from the Azores to Lofoten Islands). Growth and reproduction patterns are very variable within this area, potentially due to the environmental variability. Great scallops living at the head of Norway’s fjords are the biggest but grow slowly whereas individuals from lower latitudes have faster growth rates and reach a smaller ultimate size and those from the continental shelf display both low growth rates and a reduced size. The variability in biological traits might be attributed to a plasticity or genetic adaptation of the physiological response of individuals to the environment, to mechanistic causes related to energy fluxes that fuel the metabolism again with regard to environmental forcings or to a combination of these two mechanisms.The approach considered here to study the causes of this variability focuses on the dynamics of energy fluxes which allow us to deal with all the metabolic functions of the individual. The Dynamic Energy Budget (deb) theory provides a mechanistic framework that allows a quantitative description of feeding, assimilation, growth, reproduction, maturation and maintenance over the full life cycle, in relation to thermal and trophic conditions. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of a deb model for P. maximus, with an emphasis on feeding implementation. The model makes use of the Synthesizing Units to ...