Antiviral protection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea (Magallana) gigas against OsHV-1 infection using UV-inactivated virus

• Main Authors: Morga, Benjamin, Mège, Mickäel, Faury, Nicole, Dégremont, Lionel, Petton, Bruno, Pépin, Jean-François, Renault, Tristan, Montagnani, C.
• Other Authors: Unité Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins (ASIM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), Unité Littoral (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-19-CE20-0004,DECICOMP,Déchiffrer toute la complexité du syndrome de mortalité des huîtres du Pacifique pour modéliser le risque épidémiologique.(2019)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2024
• Subjects: Crassostrea gigas; Magallana gigas; Pacific oyster; antiviral; immunity; priming; OsHV-1; invertebrate; [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health; [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology; [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-04556469; https://hal.science/hal-04556469/document; https://hal.science/hal-04556469/file/Morga-2024-FrontiersMarBiol-Antiviral.pdf; https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1378511

International audience The increase of the frequency and severity of marine diseases affecting farmed marine mollusks are currently threatening the sustainability of this aquaculture sector, with few available prophylactic or therapeutic solutions. Recent advances have shown that the innate immune system of invertebrates can develop memory mechanisms allowing for efficient protection against pathogens. These properties have been called innate immune memory, immune priming or trained immunity. Previous results demonstrated the possibility to elicit antiviral immune priming to protect Pacific oysters against the ostreid herpes virus 1 (OsHV-1), currently plaguing M. gigas production worldwide. Here, we demonstrate that UV-inactivated OsHV-1 is also a potent elicitor of immune priming. Previous exposure to the inactivated virus was able to efficiently protect oysters against OsHV-1, significantly increasing oyster survival. We demonstrate that this exposure blocked viral replication and was able to induce antiviral gene expression potentially involved in controlling the infection. Finally, we show that this phenomenon can persist for at least 3 months, suggesting the induction of innate immune memory mechanisms. This study unravels new ways to train the Pacific oyster immune system that could represent an opportunity to develop new prophylactic strategies to improve health and to sustain the development of marine mollusk aquaculture.