Sea Level Expression of Intrinsic and Forced Ocean Variabilities at Interannual Time Scales

• Published in: Journal of Climate
• Main Authors: Penduff, Thierry, Juza, Mélanie, Barnier, Bernard, Zika, Jan D., Dewar, William K., Tréguier, Anne-Marie, Molines, Jean-Marc, Audiffren, Nicole
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Tallahassee (FSU, Florida State University Tallahassee (FSU), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Supérieur (CINES), CINES
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2011
• Subjects: Eddies; Forcing; Nonlinear dynamics; Sea level; Interannual variability; Oceanic variability; [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Pacific; Indian; Antarc*; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00650885; https://hal.science/hal-00650885/document; https://hal.science/hal-00650885/file/Sea_Level.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00077.1

International audience This paper evaluates in a realistic context the local contributions of direct atmospheric forcing and intrinsic oceanic processes on interannual sea level anomalies (SLAs). A ¼° global ocean-sea ice general circulation model, driven over 47 yr by the full range of atmospheric time scales, is quantitatively assessed against altimetry and shown to reproduce most observed features of the interannual SLA variability from 1993 to 2004. Comparing this simulation with a second driven only by the climatological annual cycle reveals that the intrinsic part of the total interannual SLA variance exceeds 40% over half of the open-ocean area and exceeds 80% over one-fifth of it. This intrinsic contribution is particularly strong in eddy-active regions (more than 70%-80% in the Southern Ocean and western boundary current extensions) as predicted by idealized studies, as well as within the 20°-35° latitude bands. The atmosphere directly forces most of the interannual SLA variance at low latitudes and in most midlatitude eastern basins, in particular north of about 40°N in the Pacific. The interannual SLA variance is almost entirely due to intrinsic processes south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Indian Ocean sector, while half of this variance is forced by the atmosphere north of it. The same simulations were performed and analyzed at 2° resolution as well: switching to this laminar regime yields a comparable forced variability (large-scale distribution and magnitude) but almost suppresses the intrinsic variability. This likely explains why laminar ocean models largely underestimate the interannual SLA variance.