Habitat use of migrating dwarf minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata subspecies) in Tasmanian waters

• Main Author: Fontanesi, Elena
• Other Authors: Colangelo, Marina Antonia, Lea, Mary-Anne, Hindell, Mark, Andrews, Russel
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna 2016
• Subjects: Satellite tagging; Generalised additive model; Migration; Bass Strait; Storm Bay; Cetacean; Biologia marina [LM-DM270] - Ravenna; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; minke whale
• Online Access: http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9754/; http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9754/1/Fontanesi_Elena_tesi.pdf

The Great Barrier Reef hosts the only known reliable aggregation of dwarf minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata subspecies) in Australian waters. While this short seasonal aggregation is quite predictable, the distribution and movements of the whales during the rest of their annual cycle are poorly understood. In particular, feeding and resting areas on their southward migration which are likely to be important have not been described. Using satellite telemetry data, I modelled the habitat use of seven whales during their southward migration through waters surrounding Tasmania. The whales were tagged with LIMPET satellite tags in the GBR in July 2013 (2 individuals) and 2014 (5 individuals). The study area around Tasmania was divided into 10km² cells and the time spent by each individual in each cell was calculated and averaged based on the number of animals using the cell. Two areas of high residency time were highlighted: south-western Bass Strait and Storm Bay (SE Tasmania). Remotely sensed ocean data were extracted for each cell and averaged temporally during the entire period of residency. Using Generalised Additive Models I explored the influence of key environmental characteristics. Nine predictors (bathymetry, distance from coast, distance from shore, gradient of sea surface temperature, sea surface height (absolute and variance), gradient of current speed, wind speed and chlorophyll-a concentration) were retained in the final model which explained 68% of the total variance. Regions of higher time-spent values were characterised by shallow waters, proximity to the coast (but not to the shelf break), high winds and sea surface height but low gradient of sea surface temperature. Given that the two high residency areas corresponded with regions where other marine predators also forage in Bass Strait and Storm Bay, I suggest the whales were probably feeding, rather than resting in these areas.