Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments
Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations,...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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National Academy of Sciences NAS
2015
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Online Access: | https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/8/Librado_2015_PNAS_112_E6889_E6897_kompl.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/ |
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ftunivbern:oai:boris.unibe.ch:73433 2023-08-20T04:04:55+02:00 Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda A. Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie D. Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi A. Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly N. Rubin, Edward M. McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Nielsen, Rasmus Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic 2015-11-23 application/pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/8/Librado_2015_PNAS_112_E6889_E6897_kompl.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/ eng eng National Academy of Sciences NAS https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/ info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Librado, Pablo; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Ermini, Luca; Schubert, Mikkel; Jónsson, Hákon; Albrechtsen, Anders; Fumagalli, Matteo; Yang, Melinda A.; Gamba, Cristina; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Mortensen, Cecilie D.; Petersen, Bent; Hoover, Cindi A.; Lorente-Galdos, Belen; Nedoluzhko, Artem; Boulygina, Eugenia; Tsygankova, Svetlana; Neuditschko, Markus; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Thèves, Catherine; . (2015). Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - PNAS, 112(50), E6889-E6897. National Academy of Sciences NAS 10.1073/pnas.1513696112 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513696112> 590 Animals (Zoology) 630 Agriculture 570 Life sciences biology info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion PeerReviewed 2015 ftunivbern https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513696112 2023-07-31T21:21:00Z Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski's horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakutia BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) Arctic Sakha Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 50 E6889 E6897 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbern |
language |
English |
topic |
590 Animals (Zoology) 630 Agriculture 570 Life sciences biology |
spellingShingle |
590 Animals (Zoology) 630 Agriculture 570 Life sciences biology Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda A. Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie D. Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi A. Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly N. Rubin, Edward M. McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Nielsen, Rasmus Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
topic_facet |
590 Animals (Zoology) 630 Agriculture 570 Life sciences biology |
description |
Yakutia, Sakha Republic, in the Siberian Far East, represents one of the coldest places on Earth, with winter record temperatures dropping below -70 °C. Nevertheless, Yakutian horses survive all year round in the open air due to striking phenotypic adaptations, including compact body conformations, extremely hairy winter coats, and acute seasonal differences in metabolic activities. The evolutionary origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis of their adaptations remain, however, contentious. Here, we present the complete genomes of nine present-day Yakutian horses and two ancient specimens dating from the early 19th century and ∼5,200 y ago. By comparing these genomes with the genomes of two Late Pleistocene, 27 domesticated, and three wild Przewalski's horses, we find that contemporary Yakutian horses do not descend from the native horses that populated the region until the mid-Holocene, but were most likely introduced following the migration of the Yakut people a few centuries ago. Thus, they represent one of the fastest cases of adaptation to the extreme temperatures of the Arctic. We find cis-regulatory mutations to have contributed more than nonsynonymous changes to their adaptation, likely due to the comparatively limited standing variation within gene bodies at the time the population was founded. Genes involved in hair development, body size, and metabolic and hormone signaling pathways represent an essential part of the Yakutian horse adaptive genetic toolkit. Finally, we find evidence for convergent evolution with native human populations and woolly mammoths, suggesting that only a few evolutionary strategies are compatible with survival in extremely cold environments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda A. Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie D. Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi A. Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly N. Rubin, Edward M. McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Nielsen, Rasmus Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic |
author_facet |
Librado, Pablo Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Albrechtsen, Anders Fumagalli, Matteo Yang, Melinda A. Gamba, Cristina Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Mortensen, Cecilie D. Petersen, Bent Hoover, Cindi A. Lorente-Galdos, Belen Nedoluzhko, Artem Boulygina, Eugenia Tsygankova, Svetlana Neuditschko, Markus Jagannathan, Vidhya Thèves, Catherine Alfarhan, Ahmed H. Alquraishi, Saleh A. Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Popov, Ruslan Grigoriev, Semyon Alekseev, Anatoly N. Rubin, Edward M. McCue, Molly Rieder, Stefan Leeb, Tosso Tikhonov, Alexei Crubézy, Eric Slatkin, Montgomery Marques-Bonet, Tomas Nielsen, Rasmus Willerslev, Eske Kantanen, Juha Prokhortchouk, Egor Orlando, Ludovic |
author_sort |
Librado, Pablo |
title |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
title_short |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
title_full |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
title_fullStr |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
title_sort |
tracking the origins of yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences NAS |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/8/Librado_2015_PNAS_112_E6889_E6897_kompl.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/ |
geographic |
Arctic Sakha |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Sakha |
genre |
Arctic Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakutia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sakha Republic Subarctic Yakutia |
op_source |
Librado, Pablo; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Ermini, Luca; Schubert, Mikkel; Jónsson, Hákon; Albrechtsen, Anders; Fumagalli, Matteo; Yang, Melinda A.; Gamba, Cristina; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Mortensen, Cecilie D.; Petersen, Bent; Hoover, Cindi A.; Lorente-Galdos, Belen; Nedoluzhko, Artem; Boulygina, Eugenia; Tsygankova, Svetlana; Neuditschko, Markus; Jagannathan, Vidhya; Thèves, Catherine; . (2015). Tracking the origins of Yakutian horses and the genetic basis for their fast adaptation to subarctic environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - PNAS, 112(50), E6889-E6897. National Academy of Sciences NAS 10.1073/pnas.1513696112 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513696112> |
op_relation |
https://boris.unibe.ch/73433/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1513696112 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
112 |
container_issue |
50 |
container_start_page |
E6889 |
op_container_end_page |
E6897 |
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1774715333926453248 |