Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials.
The last glacial period was punctuated by cold intervals in the North Atlantic region that culminated in extensive iceberg discharge events. These cold intervals, known as Heinrich Stadials, are associated with abrupt climate shifts worldwide. Here, we present CO2 measurements from the West Antarcti...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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National Academy of Sciences
2024
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Online Access: | https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/1/wendt-et-al-2024-southern-ocean-drives-multidecadal-atmospheric-co2-rise-during-heinrich-stadials.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/ |
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ftunivbern:oai:boris.unibe.ch:196742 2024-06-09T07:40:34+00:00 Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. Wendt, Kathleen A Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph Niezgoda, Kyle Noone, David Kalk, Michael Menviel, Laurie Gottschalk, Julia Rae, James W B Schmitt, Jochen Fischer, Hubertus Stocker, Thomas F Muglia, Juan Ferreira, David Marcott, Shaun A Brook, Edward Buizert, Christo 2024-05-21 application/pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/1/wendt-et-al-2024-southern-ocean-drives-multidecadal-atmospheric-co2-rise-during-heinrich-stadials.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/ eng eng National Academy of Sciences https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Wendt, Kathleen A; Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph; Niezgoda, Kyle; Noone, David; Kalk, Michael; Menviel, Laurie; Gottschalk, Julia; Rae, James W B; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Stocker, Thomas F; Muglia, Juan; Ferreira, David; Marcott, Shaun A; Brook, Edward; Buizert, Christo (2024). Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - PNAS, 121(21) National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2319652121 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319652121> 530 Physics 550 Earth sciences & geology 000 Computer science knowledge & systems info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion PeerReviewed 2024 ftunivbern https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319652121 2024-05-14T23:41:05Z The last glacial period was punctuated by cold intervals in the North Atlantic region that culminated in extensive iceberg discharge events. These cold intervals, known as Heinrich Stadials, are associated with abrupt climate shifts worldwide. Here, we present CO2 measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core across Heinrich Stadials 2 to 5 at decadal-scale resolution. Our results reveal multi-decadal-scale jumps in atmospheric CO2 concentrations within each Heinrich Stadial. The largest magnitude of change (14.0 ± 0.8 ppm within 55 ± 10 y) occurred during Heinrich Stadial 4. Abrupt rises in atmospheric CO2 are concurrent with jumps in atmospheric CH4 and abrupt changes in the water isotopologs in multiple Antarctic ice cores, the latter of which suggest rapid warming of both Antarctica and Southern Ocean vapor source regions. The synchroneity of these rapid shifts points to wind-driven upwelling of relatively warm, carbon-rich waters in the Southern Ocean, likely linked to a poleward intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. Using an isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model, we show that observed changes in Antarctic water isotopologs can be explained by abrupt and widespread Southern Ocean warming. Our work presents evidence for a multi-decadal- to century-scale response of the Southern Ocean to changes in atmospheric circulation, demonstrating the potential for dynamic changes in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry and circulation on human timescales. Furthermore, it suggests that anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean may weaken with poleward strengthening westerlies today and into the future. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice core Ice Sheet Iceberg* North Atlantic Southern Ocean BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) Antarctic Southern Ocean West Antarctic Ice Sheet Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 21 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbern |
language |
English |
topic |
530 Physics 550 Earth sciences & geology 000 Computer science knowledge & systems |
spellingShingle |
530 Physics 550 Earth sciences & geology 000 Computer science knowledge & systems Wendt, Kathleen A Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph Niezgoda, Kyle Noone, David Kalk, Michael Menviel, Laurie Gottschalk, Julia Rae, James W B Schmitt, Jochen Fischer, Hubertus Stocker, Thomas F Muglia, Juan Ferreira, David Marcott, Shaun A Brook, Edward Buizert, Christo Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
topic_facet |
530 Physics 550 Earth sciences & geology 000 Computer science knowledge & systems |
description |
The last glacial period was punctuated by cold intervals in the North Atlantic region that culminated in extensive iceberg discharge events. These cold intervals, known as Heinrich Stadials, are associated with abrupt climate shifts worldwide. Here, we present CO2 measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core across Heinrich Stadials 2 to 5 at decadal-scale resolution. Our results reveal multi-decadal-scale jumps in atmospheric CO2 concentrations within each Heinrich Stadial. The largest magnitude of change (14.0 ± 0.8 ppm within 55 ± 10 y) occurred during Heinrich Stadial 4. Abrupt rises in atmospheric CO2 are concurrent with jumps in atmospheric CH4 and abrupt changes in the water isotopologs in multiple Antarctic ice cores, the latter of which suggest rapid warming of both Antarctica and Southern Ocean vapor source regions. The synchroneity of these rapid shifts points to wind-driven upwelling of relatively warm, carbon-rich waters in the Southern Ocean, likely linked to a poleward intensification of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. Using an isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model, we show that observed changes in Antarctic water isotopologs can be explained by abrupt and widespread Southern Ocean warming. Our work presents evidence for a multi-decadal- to century-scale response of the Southern Ocean to changes in atmospheric circulation, demonstrating the potential for dynamic changes in Southern Ocean biogeochemistry and circulation on human timescales. Furthermore, it suggests that anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the Southern Ocean may weaken with poleward strengthening westerlies today and into the future. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wendt, Kathleen A Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph Niezgoda, Kyle Noone, David Kalk, Michael Menviel, Laurie Gottschalk, Julia Rae, James W B Schmitt, Jochen Fischer, Hubertus Stocker, Thomas F Muglia, Juan Ferreira, David Marcott, Shaun A Brook, Edward Buizert, Christo |
author_facet |
Wendt, Kathleen A Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph Niezgoda, Kyle Noone, David Kalk, Michael Menviel, Laurie Gottschalk, Julia Rae, James W B Schmitt, Jochen Fischer, Hubertus Stocker, Thomas F Muglia, Juan Ferreira, David Marcott, Shaun A Brook, Edward Buizert, Christo |
author_sort |
Wendt, Kathleen A |
title |
Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
title_short |
Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
title_full |
Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. |
title_sort |
southern ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric co2 rise during heinrich stadials. |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/1/wendt-et-al-2024-southern-ocean-drives-multidecadal-atmospheric-co2-rise-during-heinrich-stadials.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice core Ice Sheet Iceberg* North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice core Ice Sheet Iceberg* North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Wendt, Kathleen A; Nehrbass-Ahles, Christoph; Niezgoda, Kyle; Noone, David; Kalk, Michael; Menviel, Laurie; Gottschalk, Julia; Rae, James W B; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Stocker, Thomas F; Muglia, Juan; Ferreira, David; Marcott, Shaun A; Brook, Edward; Buizert, Christo (2024). Southern Ocean drives multidecadal atmospheric CO2 rise during Heinrich Stadials. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - PNAS, 121(21) National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.2319652121 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319652121> |
op_relation |
https://boris.unibe.ch/196742/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319652121 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
121 |
container_issue |
21 |
_version_ |
1801383941386534912 |