A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies
A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation is coupled to a zonally averaged, one-layer energy balance model of the atmosphere to form a climate model for paleoclimate studies. The emphasis of the coupled model is on the ocean's thermohaline circulation in the Pacific, Atlan...
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ftunivbern:oai:boris.unibe.ch:158283 2023-08-20T04:08:20+02:00 A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies Stocker, Thomas F. Wright, Daniel G. Mysak, Lawrence A. 1992 application/pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/1/stocker92jc.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/ eng eng American Meteorological Society https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Stocker, Thomas F.; Wright, Daniel G.; Mysak, Lawrence A. (1992). A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies. Journal of Climate, 5(8), pp. 773-797. American Meteorological Society 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2> 530 Physics info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion PeerReviewed 1992 ftunivbern https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2 2023-07-31T22:08:01Z A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation is coupled to a zonally averaged, one-layer energy balance model of the atmosphere to form a climate model for paleoclimate studies. The emphasis of the coupled model is on the ocean's thermohaline circulation in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Each basin is individually resolved, and they are connected by the Southern Ocean through which mass, heat, and salt are exchanged. Under present-day conditions, the global conveyor belt is simulated: deep water is formed in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, whereas both Pacific and Indian oceans show broad upwelling. Latitude-depth structures of modeled temperature and salinity fields, as well as depth-integrated meridional transports of heat and freshwater, compare well with estimates from observations when wind stress is included. Ekman cells are present in the upper ocean and contribute substantially to the meridional fluxes at low latitudes, bringing them to close agreement with observed estimates. The atmospheric component of the coupled climate model consists of a classical, time-dependent energy balance model; the seasonal cycle is not included. Observations and the ocean-to-atmosphere fluxes at steady state are used to determine the net downward shortwave radiation, constant greybody emissivity, eddy diffusivity parameterizing the meridional energy fluxes in the atmosphere, and evaporation and precipitation over the individual ocean basins. When the two components are coupled after being spun up individually, the system remains steady provided that no intermittent convection is present in the ocean model. If internmittent convection is operating, the coupled model shows systematic deviations of the surface salinity, which may result in reversals of the thermohaline circulation. This climate drift can be inhibited by removing intermittent convection prior to coupling. The climate model is applied to investigate the effect of excess freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic, and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
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Open Polar |
collection |
BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbern |
language |
English |
topic |
530 Physics |
spellingShingle |
530 Physics Stocker, Thomas F. Wright, Daniel G. Mysak, Lawrence A. A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
topic_facet |
530 Physics |
description |
A zonally averaged ocean model for the thermohaline circulation is coupled to a zonally averaged, one-layer energy balance model of the atmosphere to form a climate model for paleoclimate studies. The emphasis of the coupled model is on the ocean's thermohaline circulation in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. Each basin is individually resolved, and they are connected by the Southern Ocean through which mass, heat, and salt are exchanged. Under present-day conditions, the global conveyor belt is simulated: deep water is formed in the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, whereas both Pacific and Indian oceans show broad upwelling. Latitude-depth structures of modeled temperature and salinity fields, as well as depth-integrated meridional transports of heat and freshwater, compare well with estimates from observations when wind stress is included. Ekman cells are present in the upper ocean and contribute substantially to the meridional fluxes at low latitudes, bringing them to close agreement with observed estimates. The atmospheric component of the coupled climate model consists of a classical, time-dependent energy balance model; the seasonal cycle is not included. Observations and the ocean-to-atmosphere fluxes at steady state are used to determine the net downward shortwave radiation, constant greybody emissivity, eddy diffusivity parameterizing the meridional energy fluxes in the atmosphere, and evaporation and precipitation over the individual ocean basins. When the two components are coupled after being spun up individually, the system remains steady provided that no intermittent convection is present in the ocean model. If internmittent convection is operating, the coupled model shows systematic deviations of the surface salinity, which may result in reversals of the thermohaline circulation. This climate drift can be inhibited by removing intermittent convection prior to coupling. The climate model is applied to investigate the effect of excess freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic, and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Stocker, Thomas F. Wright, Daniel G. Mysak, Lawrence A. |
author_facet |
Stocker, Thomas F. Wright, Daniel G. Mysak, Lawrence A. |
author_sort |
Stocker, Thomas F. |
title |
A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
title_short |
A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
title_full |
A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
title_fullStr |
A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
title_sort |
zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
1992 |
url |
https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/1/stocker92jc.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Stocker, Thomas F.; Wright, Daniel G.; Mysak, Lawrence A. (1992). A zonally averaged, coupled ocean-atmosphere model for paleoclimate studies. Journal of Climate, 5(8), pp. 773-797. American Meteorological Society 10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2> |
op_relation |
https://boris.unibe.ch/158283/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1992)005%3C0773:AZACOA%3E2.0.CO;2 |
_version_ |
1774720529749508096 |