Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue...
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2005
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Online Access: | https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/1/orr05nat.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/2/orr05nat_OceanAcidification_suppMat_nature04095-s1.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/ |
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ftunivbern:oai:boris.unibe.ch:158217 2023-08-20T04:08:59+02:00 Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms Orr, James C. Fabry, Victoria J. Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Feely, Richard A. Gnanadesikan, Anand Gruber, Nicolas Ishida, Akio Joos, Fortunat Key, Robert M. Lindsay, Keith Maier-Reimer, Ernst Matear, Richard Monfray, Patrick Mouchet, Anne Najjar, Raymond G. Plattner, Gian-Kasper Rodgers, Keith B. Sabine, Christopher L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Schlitzer, Reiner Slater, Richard D. Totterdell, Ian J. Weirig, Marie-France Yamanaka, Yasuhiro Yool, Andrew 2005 application/pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/1/orr05nat.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/2/orr05nat_OceanAcidification_suppMat_nature04095-s1.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/ eng eng Nature Publishing Group https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/ info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Orr, James C.; Fabry, Victoria J.; Aumont, Olivier; Bopp, Laurent; Doney, Scott C.; Feely, Richard A.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Gruber, Nicolas; Ishida, Akio; Joos, Fortunat; Key, Robert M.; Lindsay, Keith; Maier-Reimer, Ernst; Matear, Richard; Monfray, Patrick; Mouchet, Anne; Najjar, Raymond G.; Plattner, Gian-Kasper; Rodgers, Keith B.; Sabine, Christopher L.; . (2005). Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437(7059), pp. 681-686. Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/nature04095 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095> 530 Physics info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion PeerReviewed 2005 ftunivbern https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04095 2023-07-31T22:07:57Z Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms—such as corals and some plankton—will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) Southern Ocean Pacific Nature 437 7059 681 686 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
BORIS (Bern Open Repository and Information System, University of Bern) |
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ftunivbern |
language |
English |
topic |
530 Physics |
spellingShingle |
530 Physics Orr, James C. Fabry, Victoria J. Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Feely, Richard A. Gnanadesikan, Anand Gruber, Nicolas Ishida, Akio Joos, Fortunat Key, Robert M. Lindsay, Keith Maier-Reimer, Ernst Matear, Richard Monfray, Patrick Mouchet, Anne Najjar, Raymond G. Plattner, Gian-Kasper Rodgers, Keith B. Sabine, Christopher L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Schlitzer, Reiner Slater, Richard D. Totterdell, Ian J. Weirig, Marie-France Yamanaka, Yasuhiro Yool, Andrew Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
topic_facet |
530 Physics |
description |
Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms—such as corals and some plankton—will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a ‘business-as-usual’ scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Orr, James C. Fabry, Victoria J. Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Feely, Richard A. Gnanadesikan, Anand Gruber, Nicolas Ishida, Akio Joos, Fortunat Key, Robert M. Lindsay, Keith Maier-Reimer, Ernst Matear, Richard Monfray, Patrick Mouchet, Anne Najjar, Raymond G. Plattner, Gian-Kasper Rodgers, Keith B. Sabine, Christopher L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Schlitzer, Reiner Slater, Richard D. Totterdell, Ian J. Weirig, Marie-France Yamanaka, Yasuhiro Yool, Andrew |
author_facet |
Orr, James C. Fabry, Victoria J. Aumont, Olivier Bopp, Laurent Doney, Scott C. Feely, Richard A. Gnanadesikan, Anand Gruber, Nicolas Ishida, Akio Joos, Fortunat Key, Robert M. Lindsay, Keith Maier-Reimer, Ernst Matear, Richard Monfray, Patrick Mouchet, Anne Najjar, Raymond G. Plattner, Gian-Kasper Rodgers, Keith B. Sabine, Christopher L. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Schlitzer, Reiner Slater, Richard D. Totterdell, Ian J. Weirig, Marie-France Yamanaka, Yasuhiro Yool, Andrew |
author_sort |
Orr, James C. |
title |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_short |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_full |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_fullStr |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_sort |
anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/1/orr05nat.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/2/orr05nat_OceanAcidification_suppMat_nature04095-s1.pdf https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
op_source |
Orr, James C.; Fabry, Victoria J.; Aumont, Olivier; Bopp, Laurent; Doney, Scott C.; Feely, Richard A.; Gnanadesikan, Anand; Gruber, Nicolas; Ishida, Akio; Joos, Fortunat; Key, Robert M.; Lindsay, Keith; Maier-Reimer, Ernst; Matear, Richard; Monfray, Patrick; Mouchet, Anne; Najjar, Raymond G.; Plattner, Gian-Kasper; Rodgers, Keith B.; Sabine, Christopher L.; . (2005). Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437(7059), pp. 681-686. Nature Publishing Group 10.1038/nature04095 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095> |
op_relation |
https://boris.unibe.ch/158217/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04095 |
container_title |
Nature |
container_volume |
437 |
container_issue |
7059 |
container_start_page |
681 |
op_container_end_page |
686 |
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1774721615872917504 |