The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar)
To ensure responsible use of the valuable marine ingredients a major effort is being invested in understanding effects of replacing fish meal and fish oil partially or completely with plant proteins and vegetable oils in aquaculture diets. Decreased dietary n-3/n-6 ratio and cholesterol levels and t...
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The University of Bergen
2011
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/7201 2023-05-15T15:28:32+02:00 The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) Liland, Nina Sylvia 2011-05-27 2169496 bytes application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/7201 eng eng The University of Bergen https://hdl.handle.net/1956/7201 Copyright the author. All rights reserved Phytosterol Cholesterol Atlantic Salmon Vegetable Plant 751999 Master thesis 2011 ftunivbergen 2023-03-14T17:42:14Z To ensure responsible use of the valuable marine ingredients a major effort is being invested in understanding effects of replacing fish meal and fish oil partially or completely with plant proteins and vegetable oils in aquaculture diets. Decreased dietary n-3/n-6 ratio and cholesterol levels and the introduction of vegetable oil derived phytosterols may affect Atlantic salmon health as well as nutritional product quality. Atlantic salmon plasma cholesterol is naturally very high being more than twice the upper range for healthy humans (11 mM in salmon vs 5 mM for healthy humans). Increased plasma and LDL cholesterol is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in humans and phytosterols are known to lower plasma cholesterol. In Atlantic salmon, however, the role of dietary phytosterols as cholesterol lowering agents is still unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate if the cholesterol metabolism and plasma cholesterol levels were altered in seawater phase Atlantic salmon when fed diets with either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based feeds for 6 months. The fish were fed diets with a high and constant inclusion of plant proteins, and either fish oil (FO) or 80 % of the FO replaced by olive oil (OO), rapeseed oil (RO) or soybean oil (SO). These oils were selected for their different levels of phytosterols and n-3/n-6 ratios to make it possible to determine whether it was the sterol composition of the feeds or the fatty acid composition being the main factor affecting fish cholesterol metabolism. Neither plasma nor lipoprotein cholesterol differed at any sampling point between Atlantic salmon fed the different experimental diets, indicating that cholesterol levels is metabolically regulated also in Atlantic salmon. Phytosterols tended to accumulate in liver, especially in the fish fed RO, which was the diet with the highest content of phytosterols. An increased mRNA expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis (ACAT2, DHCR7 and SREBP2) was ... Master Thesis Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
Phytosterol Cholesterol Atlantic Salmon Vegetable Plant 751999 |
spellingShingle |
Phytosterol Cholesterol Atlantic Salmon Vegetable Plant 751999 Liland, Nina Sylvia The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Phytosterol Cholesterol Atlantic Salmon Vegetable Plant 751999 |
description |
To ensure responsible use of the valuable marine ingredients a major effort is being invested in understanding effects of replacing fish meal and fish oil partially or completely with plant proteins and vegetable oils in aquaculture diets. Decreased dietary n-3/n-6 ratio and cholesterol levels and the introduction of vegetable oil derived phytosterols may affect Atlantic salmon health as well as nutritional product quality. Atlantic salmon plasma cholesterol is naturally very high being more than twice the upper range for healthy humans (11 mM in salmon vs 5 mM for healthy humans). Increased plasma and LDL cholesterol is a known risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in humans and phytosterols are known to lower plasma cholesterol. In Atlantic salmon, however, the role of dietary phytosterols as cholesterol lowering agents is still unexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate if the cholesterol metabolism and plasma cholesterol levels were altered in seawater phase Atlantic salmon when fed diets with either fish oil (FO) or vegetable oil (VO) based feeds for 6 months. The fish were fed diets with a high and constant inclusion of plant proteins, and either fish oil (FO) or 80 % of the FO replaced by olive oil (OO), rapeseed oil (RO) or soybean oil (SO). These oils were selected for their different levels of phytosterols and n-3/n-6 ratios to make it possible to determine whether it was the sterol composition of the feeds or the fatty acid composition being the main factor affecting fish cholesterol metabolism. Neither plasma nor lipoprotein cholesterol differed at any sampling point between Atlantic salmon fed the different experimental diets, indicating that cholesterol levels is metabolically regulated also in Atlantic salmon. Phytosterols tended to accumulate in liver, especially in the fish fed RO, which was the diet with the highest content of phytosterols. An increased mRNA expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in cholesterol synthesis (ACAT2, DHCR7 and SREBP2) was ... |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Liland, Nina Sylvia |
author_facet |
Liland, Nina Sylvia |
author_sort |
Liland, Nina Sylvia |
title |
The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
title_short |
The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
title_full |
The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
title_sort |
effect of plant proteins and vegetable oils on the sterol metabolism of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
The University of Bergen |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/7201 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/7201 |
op_rights |
Copyright the author. All rights reserved |
_version_ |
1766358879690555392 |