Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans
Anthropogenic noise in the sea has increased during the past decades as a consequence of increased shipping traffic, oil and gas exploitation, and underwater construction work (Southall et al., 2007; Slabbekoorn et al., 2010). Such anthropogenic noise may affect marine animals by causing hearing inj...
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The University of Bergen
2011
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/4733 2023-05-15T17:03:40+02:00 Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans Doksæter, Lise 2011-04-01 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4733 eng eng The University of Bergen Paper 1: Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 125, Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Godø, O. R.; Handegard, N. O.; Donovan, C.; Lam, F. P. and Miller, P. J. O., Behavioural response of herring (Clupea harengus) to 1-2 and 6-7 kHz sonar signals and killer whale calls, pp. 554-564. Copyright 2009 the Acoustical Society of America. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4732 Paper 2: Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Ainsely, M.; Solow, A.; Handegard, N. O.; Nordlund, N. and Lam, F. P. Impact of naval sonar signals on herring (Clupea harengus) during summer feeding. Manuscript submitted to ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, November 2010. Full text not available in BORA. Paper 3: Doksæter, L.; Handegard, N. O.; Godø, O. R.; Nordlund, N. and Kvadsheim, P. H., Behavioural responses of captive herring to naval sonar signals (1-1.6 kHz) of a throughout a yearly cycle. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America (in press). Published by the Acoustic Society of America. Full text not available in BORA. Paper 4: Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Fahlman, A., Lam, F. P. and Miller, P. J. O., Assessing changes in dive behaviour during sonar exposure in sperm whales, killer whales and pilot whales. Draft version. Full text not available in BORA. urn:isbn:978-82-308-1722-3 (print version) http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4733 The author Copyright the author. All rights reserved VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 Doctoral thesis 2011 ftunivbergen 2023-03-14T17:44:47Z Anthropogenic noise in the sea has increased during the past decades as a consequence of increased shipping traffic, oil and gas exploitation, and underwater construction work (Southall et al., 2007; Slabbekoorn et al., 2010). Such anthropogenic noise may affect marine animals by causing hearing injuries (Smith et al., 2004; Popper et al., 2007), masking of biological sounds (Richardson et al., 1995), or behavioural responses such as avoidance of the exposed habitat (e.g. Engås et al., 1996; Morton and Symons, 2002). In 2006, the Norwegian Navy began to operate a new class of frigates, equipped with high-power sonars transmitting at frequencies overlapping with the hearing range of several species of fish and marine mammals found in Norwegian waters (Enger, 1967; Richardson et al., 1995). As naval sonar operations often coincide with the geographic distribution of these species, an examination of potentially negative effects was needed. My PhD work includes three papers on the effect of such sonars have on herring (Clupea harengus), and one paper concerning the effect of sonars on the diving behaviour of three species of cetaceans; killer whales (Orcinus orca), pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). In paper 1, herring were exposed to sonar signals at 1-2 kHz (Low Frequency Active Sonar, LFAS) and 6-7 kHz (Mid frequency Active Sonar, MFAS), and playbacks of recorded sounds produced by killer whales while feeding, during herring overwintering in the Lofoten area. Herring behaviour was monitored by two upward-looking echosounders, located 400 m apart, as the sonar source approached and passed the fish. No significant horizontal or vertical avoidance reactions were detected in response to the sonar transmissions, however, the killer whale feeding sounds induced both vertical and horizontal movements. The results indicate that sonar transmissions at 1-2 kHz and 6-7 kHz have negligible influence on herring at the source levels tested (197 and 209 dB re 1 Pa, for LFAS and MFAS, ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Killer Whale Lofoten Orca Orcinus orca Physeter macrocephalus Killer whale University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Engås ENVELOPE(13.926,13.926,65.705,65.705) Lofoten Morton ENVELOPE(-61.220,-61.220,-62.697,-62.697) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 |
spellingShingle |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 Doksæter, Lise Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
topic_facet |
VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 |
description |
Anthropogenic noise in the sea has increased during the past decades as a consequence of increased shipping traffic, oil and gas exploitation, and underwater construction work (Southall et al., 2007; Slabbekoorn et al., 2010). Such anthropogenic noise may affect marine animals by causing hearing injuries (Smith et al., 2004; Popper et al., 2007), masking of biological sounds (Richardson et al., 1995), or behavioural responses such as avoidance of the exposed habitat (e.g. Engås et al., 1996; Morton and Symons, 2002). In 2006, the Norwegian Navy began to operate a new class of frigates, equipped with high-power sonars transmitting at frequencies overlapping with the hearing range of several species of fish and marine mammals found in Norwegian waters (Enger, 1967; Richardson et al., 1995). As naval sonar operations often coincide with the geographic distribution of these species, an examination of potentially negative effects was needed. My PhD work includes three papers on the effect of such sonars have on herring (Clupea harengus), and one paper concerning the effect of sonars on the diving behaviour of three species of cetaceans; killer whales (Orcinus orca), pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). In paper 1, herring were exposed to sonar signals at 1-2 kHz (Low Frequency Active Sonar, LFAS) and 6-7 kHz (Mid frequency Active Sonar, MFAS), and playbacks of recorded sounds produced by killer whales while feeding, during herring overwintering in the Lofoten area. Herring behaviour was monitored by two upward-looking echosounders, located 400 m apart, as the sonar source approached and passed the fish. No significant horizontal or vertical avoidance reactions were detected in response to the sonar transmissions, however, the killer whale feeding sounds induced both vertical and horizontal movements. The results indicate that sonar transmissions at 1-2 kHz and 6-7 kHz have negligible influence on herring at the source levels tested (197 and 209 dB re 1 Pa, for LFAS and MFAS, ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Doksæter, Lise |
author_facet |
Doksæter, Lise |
author_sort |
Doksæter, Lise |
title |
Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
title_short |
Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
title_full |
Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
title_fullStr |
Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
title_sort |
behavioural effects of naval sonars on fish and cetaceans |
publisher |
The University of Bergen |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4733 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(13.926,13.926,65.705,65.705) ENVELOPE(-61.220,-61.220,-62.697,-62.697) |
geographic |
Engås Lofoten Morton |
geographic_facet |
Engås Lofoten Morton |
genre |
Killer Whale Lofoten Orca Orcinus orca Physeter macrocephalus Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Lofoten Orca Orcinus orca Physeter macrocephalus Killer whale |
op_relation |
Paper 1: Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 125, Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Godø, O. R.; Handegard, N. O.; Donovan, C.; Lam, F. P. and Miller, P. J. O., Behavioural response of herring (Clupea harengus) to 1-2 and 6-7 kHz sonar signals and killer whale calls, pp. 554-564. Copyright 2009 the Acoustical Society of America. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4732 Paper 2: Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Ainsely, M.; Solow, A.; Handegard, N. O.; Nordlund, N. and Lam, F. P. Impact of naval sonar signals on herring (Clupea harengus) during summer feeding. Manuscript submitted to ICES Journal of Marine Sciences, November 2010. Full text not available in BORA. Paper 3: Doksæter, L.; Handegard, N. O.; Godø, O. R.; Nordlund, N. and Kvadsheim, P. H., Behavioural responses of captive herring to naval sonar signals (1-1.6 kHz) of a throughout a yearly cycle. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America (in press). Published by the Acoustic Society of America. Full text not available in BORA. Paper 4: Doksæter, L.; Kvadsheim, P. H.; Fahlman, A., Lam, F. P. and Miller, P. J. O., Assessing changes in dive behaviour during sonar exposure in sperm whales, killer whales and pilot whales. Draft version. Full text not available in BORA. urn:isbn:978-82-308-1722-3 (print version) http://hdl.handle.net/1956/4733 |
op_rights |
The author Copyright the author. All rights reserved |
_version_ |
1766057587823869952 |