Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms
Screening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a sour...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/21084 2023-05-15T15:27:25+02:00 Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Larsen, Anett Kristin Berntssen, Marc Goksøyr, Anders Karlsen, Odd Andre Yadetie, Fekadu Sanden, Monica Kristensen, Torstein 2019-09-30T13:27:23Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 eng eng Frontiers urn:issn:1664-8021 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 cristin:1731709 Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2019 The Author(s) Frontiers in Genetics Aquaculture fish feed insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl wild fish exposure metabolomics transcriptomics VDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Akvakultur: 922 VDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Aquaculture: 922 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi : 489 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Eco-toxicology: 489 Peer reviewed Journal article 2019 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 2023-03-14T17:40:14Z Screening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a source of contamination for marine organisms. To examine the impacts of long-term and continuous dietary exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide found in Atlantic salmon feed, we fed juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), an abundant species around North Atlantic fish farms, three concentrations (0.5, 4.2, and 23.2 mg/kg) of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) for 30 days. Endpoints included liver and bile bioaccumulation, liver transcriptomics and metabolomics, as well as plasma cholinesterase activity, cortisol, liver 7-ethoxyresor-ufin-O-deethylase activity, and hypoxia tolerance. The results show that Atlantic cod can accumulate relatively high levels of CPM in liver after continuous exposure, which is then metabolized and excreted via the bile. All three exposure concentrations lead to significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity, the primary target of CPM. Transcriptomics profiling pointed to effects on cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis. Metabolite profiling revealed that CPM induced responses reflecting detoxification by glutathione-S-transferase, inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase, potential inhibition of carboxylesterase, and increased demand for ATP, followed by secondary inflammatory responses. A gradual hypoxia challenge test showed that all groups of exposed fish were less tolerant to low oxygen saturation than the controls. In conclusion, this study suggests that wild fish continuously feeding on leftover pellets near fish farms over time may be vulnerable to organophosphorus pesticides. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Atlantic salmon Gadus morhua North Atlantic University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Slaughter ENVELOPE(-85.633,-85.633,-78.617,-78.617) Frontiers in Genetics 10 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquaculture fish feed insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl wild fish exposure metabolomics transcriptomics VDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Akvakultur: 922 VDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Aquaculture: 922 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi : 489 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Eco-toxicology: 489 |
spellingShingle |
Aquaculture fish feed insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl wild fish exposure metabolomics transcriptomics VDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Akvakultur: 922 VDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Aquaculture: 922 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi : 489 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Eco-toxicology: 489 Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Larsen, Anett Kristin Berntssen, Marc Goksøyr, Anders Karlsen, Odd Andre Yadetie, Fekadu Sanden, Monica Kristensen, Torstein Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
topic_facet |
Aquaculture fish feed insecticides chlorpyrifos-methyl wild fish exposure metabolomics transcriptomics VDP::Landbruks- og fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Akvakultur: 922 VDP::Agriculture and fisheries science: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Aquaculture: 922 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økotoksikologi : 489 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Eco-toxicology: 489 |
description |
Screening has revealed that modern-day feeds used in Atlantic salmon aquaculture might contain trace amounts of agricultural pesticides. To reach slaughter size, salmon are produced in open net pens in the sea. Uneaten feed pellets and undigested feces deposited beneath the net pens represent a source of contamination for marine organisms. To examine the impacts of long-term and continuous dietary exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide found in Atlantic salmon feed, we fed juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), an abundant species around North Atlantic fish farms, three concentrations (0.5, 4.2, and 23.2 mg/kg) of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CPM) for 30 days. Endpoints included liver and bile bioaccumulation, liver transcriptomics and metabolomics, as well as plasma cholinesterase activity, cortisol, liver 7-ethoxyresor-ufin-O-deethylase activity, and hypoxia tolerance. The results show that Atlantic cod can accumulate relatively high levels of CPM in liver after continuous exposure, which is then metabolized and excreted via the bile. All three exposure concentrations lead to significant inhibition of plasma cholinesterase activity, the primary target of CPM. Transcriptomics profiling pointed to effects on cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis. Metabolite profiling revealed that CPM induced responses reflecting detoxification by glutathione-S-transferase, inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase, potential inhibition of carboxylesterase, and increased demand for ATP, followed by secondary inflammatory responses. A gradual hypoxia challenge test showed that all groups of exposed fish were less tolerant to low oxygen saturation than the controls. In conclusion, this study suggests that wild fish continuously feeding on leftover pellets near fish farms over time may be vulnerable to organophosphorus pesticides. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Larsen, Anett Kristin Berntssen, Marc Goksøyr, Anders Karlsen, Odd Andre Yadetie, Fekadu Sanden, Monica Kristensen, Torstein |
author_facet |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir Larsen, Anett Kristin Berntssen, Marc Goksøyr, Anders Karlsen, Odd Andre Yadetie, Fekadu Sanden, Monica Kristensen, Torstein |
author_sort |
Olsvik, Pål Asgeir |
title |
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
title_short |
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
title_full |
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Agricultural Pesticides in Aquafeeds on Wild Fish Feeding on Leftover Pellets Near Fish Farms |
title_sort |
effects of agricultural pesticides in aquafeeds on wild fish feeding on leftover pellets near fish farms |
publisher |
Frontiers |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-85.633,-85.633,-78.617,-78.617) |
geographic |
Slaughter |
geographic_facet |
Slaughter |
genre |
atlantic cod Atlantic salmon Gadus morhua North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Atlantic salmon Gadus morhua North Atlantic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Genetics |
op_relation |
urn:issn:1664-8021 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/21084 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 cristin:1731709 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2019 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00794 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
10 |
_version_ |
1766357858731950080 |