Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and disease outbreaks are mainly detected after seawater transfer. The influence of the smoltification process on the immune responses, specifically the adaptive response of Atlantic salmon after SAV infection...
Published in: | Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1956/19414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/19414 2023-05-15T15:30:25+02:00 Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia Moore, Lindsey Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Nilsen, Tom Ole Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Morton, Hugh Craig Taranger, Geir Lasse Secombes, Christopher J. Patel, Sonal 2018-11-08T15:15:22Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1956/19414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 eng eng Elsevier Norges forskningsråd: 224885 urn:issn:1050-4648 urn:issn:1095-9947 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/19414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 cristin:1612518 Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2018;82:579-590 Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2018 Elsevier Fish and Shellfish Immunology 579-590 82 Salmo Salar Bath immersion Adaptive response Smoltification Pancreas disease Immunoglobulin B cells RIG-1 SOCS1 CD40 Interleukin Peer reviewed Journal article 2018 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 2023-03-14T17:40:15Z Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and disease outbreaks are mainly detected after seawater transfer. The influence of the smoltification process on the immune responses, specifically the adaptive response of Atlantic salmon after SAV infection, is not fully understood. In this study, Atlantic salmon post-smolts were infected by either bath immersion (BI) or intramuscular injection (IM) with SAV subtype 3, 2 weeks (Phase A) or 9 weeks (Phase B) after seawater transfer. The transcript levels of genes related to cellular, humoral and inflammatory responses were evaluated on head kidney samples collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-infection (dpi). Corresponding negative control groups (CT) were established accordingly. Significant differences were found between both phases and between the IM and BI groups. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was up-regulated in Phase A at a higher level than in Phase B. High mRNA levels of the genes RIG-1, SOCS1 and STAT1 were observed in all groups except the BI-B group (BI-Phase B). Moreover, the IM-B group showed a higher regulation of genes related to cellular responses, such as CD40, MHCII, and IL-15, that indicated the activation of a strong cell-mediated immune response. CD40 mRNA levels were elevated one week earlier in the BI-B group than in the BI-A group (BI-Phase A). A significant up-regulation of IgM and IgT genes was seen in both IM groups, but the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SAV was detected only in Phase B fish at 21 and 28 dpi. In addition, we found differences in the basal levels of some of the analysed genes between non-infected control groups of both phases. Findings suggest that Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater before they come into contact with SAV, developed a stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune response during a SAV infection. acceptedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Fish & Shellfish Immunology 82 579 590 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
Salmo Salar Bath immersion Adaptive response Smoltification Pancreas disease Immunoglobulin B cells RIG-1 SOCS1 CD40 Interleukin |
spellingShingle |
Salmo Salar Bath immersion Adaptive response Smoltification Pancreas disease Immunoglobulin B cells RIG-1 SOCS1 CD40 Interleukin Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia Moore, Lindsey Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Nilsen, Tom Ole Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Morton, Hugh Craig Taranger, Geir Lasse Secombes, Christopher J. Patel, Sonal Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
topic_facet |
Salmo Salar Bath immersion Adaptive response Smoltification Pancreas disease Immunoglobulin B cells RIG-1 SOCS1 CD40 Interleukin |
description |
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and disease outbreaks are mainly detected after seawater transfer. The influence of the smoltification process on the immune responses, specifically the adaptive response of Atlantic salmon after SAV infection, is not fully understood. In this study, Atlantic salmon post-smolts were infected by either bath immersion (BI) or intramuscular injection (IM) with SAV subtype 3, 2 weeks (Phase A) or 9 weeks (Phase B) after seawater transfer. The transcript levels of genes related to cellular, humoral and inflammatory responses were evaluated on head kidney samples collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-infection (dpi). Corresponding negative control groups (CT) were established accordingly. Significant differences were found between both phases and between the IM and BI groups. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was up-regulated in Phase A at a higher level than in Phase B. High mRNA levels of the genes RIG-1, SOCS1 and STAT1 were observed in all groups except the BI-B group (BI-Phase B). Moreover, the IM-B group showed a higher regulation of genes related to cellular responses, such as CD40, MHCII, and IL-15, that indicated the activation of a strong cell-mediated immune response. CD40 mRNA levels were elevated one week earlier in the BI-B group than in the BI-A group (BI-Phase A). A significant up-regulation of IgM and IgT genes was seen in both IM groups, but the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SAV was detected only in Phase B fish at 21 and 28 dpi. In addition, we found differences in the basal levels of some of the analysed genes between non-infected control groups of both phases. Findings suggest that Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater before they come into contact with SAV, developed a stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune response during a SAV infection. acceptedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia Moore, Lindsey Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Nilsen, Tom Ole Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Morton, Hugh Craig Taranger, Geir Lasse Secombes, Christopher J. Patel, Sonal |
author_facet |
Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia Moore, Lindsey Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Nilsen, Tom Ole Stefansson, Sigurd Olav Morton, Hugh Craig Taranger, Geir Lasse Secombes, Christopher J. Patel, Sonal |
author_sort |
Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia |
title |
Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
title_short |
Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
title_full |
Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against Salmonid alphavirus |
title_sort |
atlantic salmon post-smolts adapted for a longer time to seawater develop an effective humoral and cellular immune response against salmonid alphavirus |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/19414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Fish and Shellfish Immunology 579-590 82 |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 224885 urn:issn:1050-4648 urn:issn:1095-9947 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/19414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 cristin:1612518 Fish and Shellfish Immunology. 2018;82:579-590 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2018 Elsevier |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.059 |
container_title |
Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
container_volume |
82 |
container_start_page |
579 |
op_container_end_page |
590 |
_version_ |
1766360865960886272 |