Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas
The warm and salty Atlantic Water is substantially modified along its poleward transit across the Nordic Seas, where it reaches deeper isopycnals. In particular, the Lofoten Basin, exposed to intense air‐sea interactions, plays a crucial role in the transformation of Atlantic Water. Averaged over a...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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American Geophysical Union
2018
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1956/19235 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/19235 2023-05-15T15:02:21+02:00 Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas Bosse, Anthony Fer, Ilker Søiland, Henrik Thomas, Rossby 2018-10-08T11:24:31Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/19235 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 eng eng American Geophysical Union Norges forskningsråd: 250784 urn:issn:2169-9291 urn:issn:2169-9275 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/19235 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 cristin:1604710 Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2018 The Authors Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans winter mixing Atlantic water spiciness Nordic seas water mass transformation Lofoten Basin VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 Peer reviewed Journal article 2018 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 2023-03-14T17:38:54Z The warm and salty Atlantic Water is substantially modified along its poleward transit across the Nordic Seas, where it reaches deeper isopycnals. In particular, the Lofoten Basin, exposed to intense air‐sea interactions, plays a crucial role in the transformation of Atlantic Water. Averaged over a seasonal cycle, Atlantic Water releases approximately 80 W/m2 of heat to the atmosphere over a large area, leading to winter mixed layer depths of up to 500 m (locally exceeding 1,000 m in the Lofoten Basin Eddy, a permanent vortex located in the basin center) and substantial water mass transformation. We investigate spiciness injection (temperature and salinity increase) by winter mixing, by performing an isopycnal analysis using a comprehensive observational data set covering the 2000–2017 period. Compared to the Atlantic Water properties at the Svinøy section, representative of the inflowing Atlantic Water, some isopycnals reveal an important warming (up to 1.5°C) and salinification (up to 0.2 g/kg). Key areas for spiciness injection are the western Lofoten Basin and west of Bear Island. The modified spicy Atlantic Waters coincide with low potential vorticity with strongly density‐compensated layers at their base, allowing double‐diffusion processes to occur farther downstream toward the Arctic. Despite its limited spatial extent, the Lofoten Basin Eddy exhibits the greatest spiciness injection, as well as the deepest mixed layer and thickest low potential vorticity layer of the Norwegian Seas. The Atlantic Water spiciness at Svinøy shows a downstream correlation in the Lofoten Basin and farther north toward the Arctic with a lag of 1 to 1.5 years. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Bear Island Lofoten Nordic Seas University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Bear Island ENVELOPE(-67.250,-67.250,-68.151,-68.151) Lofoten Lofoten Basin ENVELOPE(4.000,4.000,70.000,70.000) Svinøy ENVELOPE(10.992,10.992,64.866,64.866) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 9 6428 6448 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
winter mixing Atlantic water spiciness Nordic seas water mass transformation Lofoten Basin VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 |
spellingShingle |
winter mixing Atlantic water spiciness Nordic seas water mass transformation Lofoten Basin VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 Bosse, Anthony Fer, Ilker Søiland, Henrik Thomas, Rossby Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
topic_facet |
winter mixing Atlantic water spiciness Nordic seas water mass transformation Lofoten Basin VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 |
description |
The warm and salty Atlantic Water is substantially modified along its poleward transit across the Nordic Seas, where it reaches deeper isopycnals. In particular, the Lofoten Basin, exposed to intense air‐sea interactions, plays a crucial role in the transformation of Atlantic Water. Averaged over a seasonal cycle, Atlantic Water releases approximately 80 W/m2 of heat to the atmosphere over a large area, leading to winter mixed layer depths of up to 500 m (locally exceeding 1,000 m in the Lofoten Basin Eddy, a permanent vortex located in the basin center) and substantial water mass transformation. We investigate spiciness injection (temperature and salinity increase) by winter mixing, by performing an isopycnal analysis using a comprehensive observational data set covering the 2000–2017 period. Compared to the Atlantic Water properties at the Svinøy section, representative of the inflowing Atlantic Water, some isopycnals reveal an important warming (up to 1.5°C) and salinification (up to 0.2 g/kg). Key areas for spiciness injection are the western Lofoten Basin and west of Bear Island. The modified spicy Atlantic Waters coincide with low potential vorticity with strongly density‐compensated layers at their base, allowing double‐diffusion processes to occur farther downstream toward the Arctic. Despite its limited spatial extent, the Lofoten Basin Eddy exhibits the greatest spiciness injection, as well as the deepest mixed layer and thickest low potential vorticity layer of the Norwegian Seas. The Atlantic Water spiciness at Svinøy shows a downstream correlation in the Lofoten Basin and farther north toward the Arctic with a lag of 1 to 1.5 years. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bosse, Anthony Fer, Ilker Søiland, Henrik Thomas, Rossby |
author_facet |
Bosse, Anthony Fer, Ilker Søiland, Henrik Thomas, Rossby |
author_sort |
Bosse, Anthony |
title |
Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
title_short |
Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
title_full |
Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the Nordic Seas |
title_sort |
atlantic water transformation along its poleward pathway across the nordic seas |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/19235 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-67.250,-67.250,-68.151,-68.151) ENVELOPE(4.000,4.000,70.000,70.000) ENVELOPE(10.992,10.992,64.866,64.866) |
geographic |
Arctic Bear Island Lofoten Lofoten Basin Svinøy |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bear Island Lofoten Lofoten Basin Svinøy |
genre |
Arctic Bear Island Lofoten Nordic Seas |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bear Island Lofoten Nordic Seas |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 250784 urn:issn:2169-9291 urn:issn:2169-9275 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/19235 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 cristin:1604710 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2018 The Authors |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jc014147 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
123 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
6428 |
op_container_end_page |
6448 |
_version_ |
1766334321955700736 |