Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys
Fjord-valleys, as sediment-filled palaeofjords, are characteristic of formerly glaciated mountainous coastal areas. High-Arctic fjord-valleys commonly host permafrost, but are poorly accessible and hence have drawn relatively little research. The research presented in this thesis combines the method...
Published in: | Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
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Main Author: | |
Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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The University of Bergen
2018
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17627 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/17627 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
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ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
Fjord-valleys, as sediment-filled palaeofjords, are characteristic of formerly glaciated mountainous coastal areas. High-Arctic fjord-valleys commonly host permafrost, but are poorly accessible and hence have drawn relatively little research. The research presented in this thesis combines the methods of cryostratigraphy, clastic sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, geomorphology and geochronology to investigate the sedimentary infilling, permafrost formation and late Quaternary landscape development in two classical high- Arctic fjord-valleys: the Zackenberg in northeast Greenland (74°30’N, 20°30’W) and the Adventdalen in central Svalbard (78°12’N, 15°49’E). The study involves analysis of a unique set of drilling cores from boreholes 20 m to 60 m deep. Novel research aspects include introduction of the concept of cryofacies and an analysis of the relationship between cryofacies and lithofacies. The existing model for fjord-valley sequence stratigraphy is improved, and the geomorphic response of these landscapes to permafrost degradation is considered in connection with the impending global climate change. Both Svalbard and northeast Greenland were glaciated during the late Weichselian, with fast-flowing ice streams draining the local ice sheets through valleys, fjords and shelf troughs and removing sediment from previous glacial and interglacial periods. The fjordvalley infilling commenced at this stage with the deposition of basal lodgement till. The sediment supply decreased and fjord accommodation dramatically increased during deglaciation, when mainly muddy glaciomarine deposits accumulated in front of rapidlyretreating tidewater glaciers. The fjord-head shoreline was established and sediment supply reached its maximum once the glacier became land-based, whereby a Gilbert-type delta began to prograde along the fjord axis. The sediment yield declined in the Holocene, as glacial and paraglacial supply was exhausted, and the delta advance became driven mainly by river incision due to glacioisostatic land ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Gilbert, Graham Lewis |
spellingShingle |
Gilbert, Graham Lewis Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
author_facet |
Gilbert, Graham Lewis |
author_sort |
Gilbert, Graham Lewis |
title |
Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
title_short |
Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
title_full |
Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
title_fullStr |
Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys |
title_sort |
cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-arctic fjord-valleys |
publisher |
The University of Bergen |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17627 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(16.264,16.264,78.181,78.181) |
geographic |
Adventdalen Arctic Greenland Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Adventdalen Arctic Greenland Svalbard |
genre |
Adventdalen Arctic Arctic Climate change glacier glacier Greenland Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Svalbard The Cryosphere Tidewater Zackenberg |
genre_facet |
Adventdalen Arctic Arctic Climate change glacier glacier Greenland Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Svalbard The Cryosphere Tidewater Zackenberg |
op_relation |
Paper I: Gilbert GL, Kanevskiy M, Murton JB. 2016. Recent advances (2008–2015) in the study of ground ice and cryostratigraphy. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 27: 377–389. The article is available in the main thesis. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1912 Paper II: Gilbert GL, Christiansen HH, Neumann U. 2015. Coring of unconsolidated permafrost deposits: methodological successes and challenges. In Proceedings GeoQuébec 2015 – 68th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 7th Canadian Permafrost Conference, 20–23 September 2015, Québec, Canada. Paper 6 pp. The article is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1956/17626 Paper III: Gilbert GL, Cable S, Thiel C, Christiansen HH, Elberling B. 2017. Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland. The Cryosphere 11: 1265–1282. DOI:10.5194/tc-11-1265-2017. The article is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1956/17625 Paper IV: Gilbert GL, O’Neill HB, Nemec W, Thiel C, Christiansen HH, Buylaert JP. 2018. Late Quaternary sedimentation and permafrost development in a Svalbard fjordvalley, Norwegian high Arctic. Sedimentology. Full text not available in BORA. The article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12476 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17627 cristin:1577984 |
op_rights |
Copyright the Author. All rights reserved |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.191210.5194/tc-11-1265-201710.1111/sed.12476 |
container_title |
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes |
container_volume |
27 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
377 |
op_container_end_page |
389 |
_version_ |
1766393124002725888 |
spelling |
ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/17627 2023-05-15T13:05:45+02:00 Cryostratigraphy and sedimentology of high-Arctic fjord-valleys Gilbert, Graham Lewis 2018-01-17 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17627 eng eng The University of Bergen Paper I: Gilbert GL, Kanevskiy M, Murton JB. 2016. Recent advances (2008–2015) in the study of ground ice and cryostratigraphy. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 27: 377–389. The article is available in the main thesis. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1912 Paper II: Gilbert GL, Christiansen HH, Neumann U. 2015. Coring of unconsolidated permafrost deposits: methodological successes and challenges. In Proceedings GeoQuébec 2015 – 68th Canadian Geotechnical Conference and 7th Canadian Permafrost Conference, 20–23 September 2015, Québec, Canada. Paper 6 pp. The article is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1956/17626 Paper III: Gilbert GL, Cable S, Thiel C, Christiansen HH, Elberling B. 2017. Cryostratigraphy, sedimentology, and the late Quaternary evolution of the Zackenberg River delta, northeast Greenland. The Cryosphere 11: 1265–1282. DOI:10.5194/tc-11-1265-2017. The article is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/1956/17625 Paper IV: Gilbert GL, O’Neill HB, Nemec W, Thiel C, Christiansen HH, Buylaert JP. 2018. Late Quaternary sedimentation and permafrost development in a Svalbard fjordvalley, Norwegian high Arctic. Sedimentology. Full text not available in BORA. The article is available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12476 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17627 cristin:1577984 Copyright the Author. All rights reserved Doctoral thesis 2018 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.191210.5194/tc-11-1265-201710.1111/sed.12476 2023-03-14T17:43:51Z Fjord-valleys, as sediment-filled palaeofjords, are characteristic of formerly glaciated mountainous coastal areas. High-Arctic fjord-valleys commonly host permafrost, but are poorly accessible and hence have drawn relatively little research. The research presented in this thesis combines the methods of cryostratigraphy, clastic sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, geomorphology and geochronology to investigate the sedimentary infilling, permafrost formation and late Quaternary landscape development in two classical high- Arctic fjord-valleys: the Zackenberg in northeast Greenland (74°30’N, 20°30’W) and the Adventdalen in central Svalbard (78°12’N, 15°49’E). The study involves analysis of a unique set of drilling cores from boreholes 20 m to 60 m deep. Novel research aspects include introduction of the concept of cryofacies and an analysis of the relationship between cryofacies and lithofacies. The existing model for fjord-valley sequence stratigraphy is improved, and the geomorphic response of these landscapes to permafrost degradation is considered in connection with the impending global climate change. Both Svalbard and northeast Greenland were glaciated during the late Weichselian, with fast-flowing ice streams draining the local ice sheets through valleys, fjords and shelf troughs and removing sediment from previous glacial and interglacial periods. The fjordvalley infilling commenced at this stage with the deposition of basal lodgement till. The sediment supply decreased and fjord accommodation dramatically increased during deglaciation, when mainly muddy glaciomarine deposits accumulated in front of rapidlyretreating tidewater glaciers. The fjord-head shoreline was established and sediment supply reached its maximum once the glacier became land-based, whereby a Gilbert-type delta began to prograde along the fjord axis. The sediment yield declined in the Holocene, as glacial and paraglacial supply was exhausted, and the delta advance became driven mainly by river incision due to glacioisostatic land ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Adventdalen Arctic Arctic Climate change glacier glacier Greenland Ice permafrost Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Svalbard The Cryosphere Tidewater Zackenberg University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Adventdalen ENVELOPE(16.264,16.264,78.181,78.181) Arctic Greenland Svalbard Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 27 4 377 389 |