Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is associated with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection and is an important disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Since PRV infects erythrocytes and farmed salmon frequently experience environmental hypoxia, the current study examined mu...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/17010 2023-05-15T15:31:03+02:00 Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Lund, Morten Dahle, Maria Krudtaa Timmerhaus, Gerrit Alarcon, Marta Powell, Mark Aspehaug, Vidar Rimstad, Espen Jørgensen, Sven Martin 2017-11-08T13:34:33Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 eng eng PLoS urn:issn:1932-6203 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 cristin:1511230 Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2017 The Author(s) PLoS ONE Peer reviewed Journal article 2017 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 2023-03-14T17:39:24Z Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is associated with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection and is an important disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Since PRV infects erythrocytes and farmed salmon frequently experience environmental hypoxia, the current study examined mutual effects of PRV infection and hypoxia on pathogenesis and fish performance. Furthermore, effects of HSMI on hypoxia tolerance, cardiorespiratory performance and blood oxygen transport were studied. A cohabitation trial including PRV-infected post-smolts exposed to periodic hypoxic stress (4 h of 40% O2; PRV-H) at 4, 7 and 10 weeks post-infection (WPI) and infected fish reared under normoxic conditions (PRV) was conducted. Periodic hypoxic stress did not influence infection levels or histopathological changes in the heart. Individual incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS) was examined using a standardized hypoxia challenge test (HCT). At 7 WPI, i.e. peak level of infection, both PRV and PRV-H groups exhibited reduced hypoxia tolerance compared to non-infected fish. Three weeks later (10 WPI), during peak levels of pathological changes, reduced hypoxia tolerance was still observed for the PRV group while PRV-H performed equal to non-infected fish, implying a positive effect of the repeated exposure to hypoxic stress. This was in line with maximum heart rate (fHmax) measurements, showing equal performance of PRV-H and non-infected groups, but lower fHmax above 19°C as well as lower temperature optimum (Topt) for aerobic scope for PRV, suggesting reduced cardiac performance and thermal tolerance. In contrast, the PRV-H group had reduced hemoglobin-oxygen affinity compared to non-infected fish. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon suffering from HSMI have reduced hypoxia tolerance and cardiac performance, which can be improved by preconditioning fish to transient hypoxic stress episodes. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) PLOS ONE 12 7 e0181109 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
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ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is associated with Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infection and is an important disease in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Since PRV infects erythrocytes and farmed salmon frequently experience environmental hypoxia, the current study examined mutual effects of PRV infection and hypoxia on pathogenesis and fish performance. Furthermore, effects of HSMI on hypoxia tolerance, cardiorespiratory performance and blood oxygen transport were studied. A cohabitation trial including PRV-infected post-smolts exposed to periodic hypoxic stress (4 h of 40% O2; PRV-H) at 4, 7 and 10 weeks post-infection (WPI) and infected fish reared under normoxic conditions (PRV) was conducted. Periodic hypoxic stress did not influence infection levels or histopathological changes in the heart. Individual incipient lethal oxygen saturation (ILOS) was examined using a standardized hypoxia challenge test (HCT). At 7 WPI, i.e. peak level of infection, both PRV and PRV-H groups exhibited reduced hypoxia tolerance compared to non-infected fish. Three weeks later (10 WPI), during peak levels of pathological changes, reduced hypoxia tolerance was still observed for the PRV group while PRV-H performed equal to non-infected fish, implying a positive effect of the repeated exposure to hypoxic stress. This was in line with maximum heart rate (fHmax) measurements, showing equal performance of PRV-H and non-infected groups, but lower fHmax above 19°C as well as lower temperature optimum (Topt) for aerobic scope for PRV, suggesting reduced cardiac performance and thermal tolerance. In contrast, the PRV-H group had reduced hemoglobin-oxygen affinity compared to non-infected fish. In conclusion, Atlantic salmon suffering from HSMI have reduced hypoxia tolerance and cardiac performance, which can be improved by preconditioning fish to transient hypoxic stress episodes. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lund, Morten Dahle, Maria Krudtaa Timmerhaus, Gerrit Alarcon, Marta Powell, Mark Aspehaug, Vidar Rimstad, Espen Jørgensen, Sven Martin |
spellingShingle |
Lund, Morten Dahle, Maria Krudtaa Timmerhaus, Gerrit Alarcon, Marta Powell, Mark Aspehaug, Vidar Rimstad, Espen Jørgensen, Sven Martin Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
author_facet |
Lund, Morten Dahle, Maria Krudtaa Timmerhaus, Gerrit Alarcon, Marta Powell, Mark Aspehaug, Vidar Rimstad, Espen Jørgensen, Sven Martin |
author_sort |
Lund, Morten |
title |
Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
hypoxia tolerance and responses to hypoxic stress during heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
PLoS |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE |
op_relation |
urn:issn:1932-6203 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/17010 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 cristin:1511230 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2017 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181109 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e0181109 |
_version_ |
1766361547341299712 |