Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring
Mixing and heat flux rates collected in the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard during the N-ICE2015 drift expedition are presented. The observations cover the deep Nansen Basin, the Svalbard continental slope, and the shallow Yermak Plateau from winter to summer. Mean quiescent winter heat flux values...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16638 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/16638 2023-05-15T15:09:15+02:00 Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring Meyer, Amelie Fer, Ilker Sundfjord, Arild Peterson, Algot Kristoffer 2017-08-10T17:03:34Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16638 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 eng eng Wiley Norges forskningsråd: 229786 urn:issn:0148-0227 urn:issn:2156-2202 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16638 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 cristin:1474569 Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2017 The Author(s) Journal of Geophysical Research Peer reviewed Journal article 2017 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 2023-03-14T17:40:37Z Mixing and heat flux rates collected in the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard during the N-ICE2015 drift expedition are presented. The observations cover the deep Nansen Basin, the Svalbard continental slope, and the shallow Yermak Plateau from winter to summer. Mean quiescent winter heat flux values in the Nansen Basin are 2 W m−2 at the ice-ocean interface, 3 W m−2 in the pycnocline, and 1 W m−2 below the pycnocline. Large heat fluxes exceeding 300 W m−2 are observed in the late spring close to the surface over the Yermak Plateau. The data consisting of 588 microstructure profiles and 50 days of high-resolution under-ice turbulence measurements are used to quantify the impact of several forcing factors on turbulent dissipation and heat flux rates. Wind forcing increases turbulent dissipation seven times in the upper 50 m, and doubles heat fluxes at the ice-ocean interface. The presence of warm Atlantic Water close to the surface increases the temperature gradient in the water column, leading to enhanced heat flux rates within the pycnocline. Steep topography consistently enhances dissipation rates by a factor of four and episodically increases heat flux at depth. It is, however, the combination of storms and shallow Atlantic Water that leads to the highest heat flux rates observed: ice-ocean interface heat fluxes average 100 W m−2 during peak events and are associated with rapid basal sea ice melt, reaching 25 cm/d. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Svalbard Yermak Plateau ENVELOPE(5.000,5.000,81.250,81.250) Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 6 4569 4586 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
Mixing and heat flux rates collected in the Eurasian Basin north of Svalbard during the N-ICE2015 drift expedition are presented. The observations cover the deep Nansen Basin, the Svalbard continental slope, and the shallow Yermak Plateau from winter to summer. Mean quiescent winter heat flux values in the Nansen Basin are 2 W m−2 at the ice-ocean interface, 3 W m−2 in the pycnocline, and 1 W m−2 below the pycnocline. Large heat fluxes exceeding 300 W m−2 are observed in the late spring close to the surface over the Yermak Plateau. The data consisting of 588 microstructure profiles and 50 days of high-resolution under-ice turbulence measurements are used to quantify the impact of several forcing factors on turbulent dissipation and heat flux rates. Wind forcing increases turbulent dissipation seven times in the upper 50 m, and doubles heat fluxes at the ice-ocean interface. The presence of warm Atlantic Water close to the surface increases the temperature gradient in the water column, leading to enhanced heat flux rates within the pycnocline. Steep topography consistently enhances dissipation rates by a factor of four and episodically increases heat flux at depth. It is, however, the combination of storms and shallow Atlantic Water that leads to the highest heat flux rates observed: ice-ocean interface heat fluxes average 100 W m−2 during peak events and are associated with rapid basal sea ice melt, reaching 25 cm/d. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Meyer, Amelie Fer, Ilker Sundfjord, Arild Peterson, Algot Kristoffer |
spellingShingle |
Meyer, Amelie Fer, Ilker Sundfjord, Arild Peterson, Algot Kristoffer Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
author_facet |
Meyer, Amelie Fer, Ilker Sundfjord, Arild Peterson, Algot Kristoffer |
author_sort |
Meyer, Amelie |
title |
Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
title_short |
Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
title_full |
Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
title_fullStr |
Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of Svalbard from Arctic winter to spring |
title_sort |
mixing rates and vertical heat fluxes north of svalbard from arctic winter to spring |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16638 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(5.000,5.000,81.250,81.250) |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard Yermak Plateau |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard Yermak Plateau |
genre |
Arctic Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau |
genre_facet |
Arctic Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard Yermak plateau |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 229786 urn:issn:0148-0227 urn:issn:2156-2202 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16638 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 cristin:1474569 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2017 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012441 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
4569 |
op_container_end_page |
4586 |
_version_ |
1766340480607453184 |