One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter
A one-dimensional model is employed to reproduce the observed time evolution of hydrographic properties in the upper water column during winter, between 26 January and 11 March 2015, in a region north of Svalbard in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. From an observed initial state, vertical diffu...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16268 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/16268 2023-05-15T14:22:54+02:00 One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter Fer, Ilker Peterson, Algot Kristoffer Randelhoff, Achim Meyer, Amelie 2017-07-26T07:33:51Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16268 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 eng eng Wiley Mixing processes in the changing Arctic Ocean urn:issn:2169-9275 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16268 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 cristin:1455865 Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2017 The Author(s) Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans Peer reviewed Journal article 2017 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 2023-03-14T17:40:53Z A one-dimensional model is employed to reproduce the observed time evolution of hydrographic properties in the upper water column during winter, between 26 January and 11 March 2015, in a region north of Svalbard in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. From an observed initial state, vertical diffusion equations for temperature and salinity give the hydrographic conditions at a later stage. Observations of microstructure are used to synthesize profiles of vertical diffusivity, K, representative of varying wind forcing conditions. The ice-ocean heat and salt fluxes at the ice-ocean interface are implemented as external source terms, estimated from the salt and enthalpy budgets, using friction velocity from the Rossby similarity drag relation, and the ice core temperature profiles. We are able to reproduce the temporal evolution of hydrography satisfactorily for two pairs of measured profiles, suggesting that the vertical processes dominated the observed changes. Sensitivity tests reveal a significant dependence on K. Variation in other variables, such as the temperature gradient of the sea ice, the fraction of heat going to ice melt, and the turbulent exchange coefficient for heat, are relatively less important. The increase in salinity as a result of freezing and brine release is approximately 10%, significantly less than that due to entrainment (90%) from beneath the mixed layer. Entrainment was elevated during episodic storm events, leading to melting. The results highlight the contribution of storms to mixing in the upper Arctic Ocean and its impact on ice melt and mixed-layer salt and nutrient budgets. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice core Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 3 1665 1682 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
A one-dimensional model is employed to reproduce the observed time evolution of hydrographic properties in the upper water column during winter, between 26 January and 11 March 2015, in a region north of Svalbard in the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. From an observed initial state, vertical diffusion equations for temperature and salinity give the hydrographic conditions at a later stage. Observations of microstructure are used to synthesize profiles of vertical diffusivity, K, representative of varying wind forcing conditions. The ice-ocean heat and salt fluxes at the ice-ocean interface are implemented as external source terms, estimated from the salt and enthalpy budgets, using friction velocity from the Rossby similarity drag relation, and the ice core temperature profiles. We are able to reproduce the temporal evolution of hydrography satisfactorily for two pairs of measured profiles, suggesting that the vertical processes dominated the observed changes. Sensitivity tests reveal a significant dependence on K. Variation in other variables, such as the temperature gradient of the sea ice, the fraction of heat going to ice melt, and the turbulent exchange coefficient for heat, are relatively less important. The increase in salinity as a result of freezing and brine release is approximately 10%, significantly less than that due to entrainment (90%) from beneath the mixed layer. Entrainment was elevated during episodic storm events, leading to melting. The results highlight the contribution of storms to mixing in the upper Arctic Ocean and its impact on ice melt and mixed-layer salt and nutrient budgets. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fer, Ilker Peterson, Algot Kristoffer Randelhoff, Achim Meyer, Amelie |
spellingShingle |
Fer, Ilker Peterson, Algot Kristoffer Randelhoff, Achim Meyer, Amelie One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
author_facet |
Fer, Ilker Peterson, Algot Kristoffer Randelhoff, Achim Meyer, Amelie |
author_sort |
Fer, Ilker |
title |
One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
title_short |
One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
title_full |
One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
title_fullStr |
One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
title_full_unstemmed |
One-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean in winter |
title_sort |
one-dimensional evolution of the upper water column in the atlantic sector of the arctic ocean in winter |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16268 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice core Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean ice core Nansen Basin Sea ice Svalbard |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans |
op_relation |
Mixing processes in the changing Arctic Ocean urn:issn:2169-9275 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/16268 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 cristin:1455865 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY-NC-ND http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Copyright 2017 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012431 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
122 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1665 |
op_container_end_page |
1682 |
_version_ |
1766295414252765184 |