Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions
Pancreas disease (PD) is an infectious disease caused by Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), which infects Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). PD causes substantial economical losses in salmonid aquaculture in Europe, and has, since the early 2000s, steadily inc...
Main Author: | |
---|---|
Format: | Master Thesis |
Language: | English |
Published: |
The University of Bergen
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15822 |
id |
ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/15822 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/15822 2023-05-15T15:26:17+02:00 Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions Skjold, Pål 2014-08-06 1283544 bytes application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15822 eng eng The University of Bergen https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15822 Copyright the Author. All rights reserved UV Akvakultur Lakseoppdrett Fiskesykdommer Pankreassykdom Atlanterhavslaks Regnbueørret Ultrafiolett stråling Norge https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c030753 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012702 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012515 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c005008 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c031361 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012698 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013800 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013288 759906 Master thesis 2014 ftunivbergen 2023-03-14T17:44:25Z Pancreas disease (PD) is an infectious disease caused by Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), which infects Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). PD causes substantial economical losses in salmonid aquaculture in Europe, and has, since the early 2000s, steadily increased in extent in Norwegian aquaculture. Knowledge concerning transmission pathways for the causative agent is of paramount importance in order to combat the disease. Many authors have emphasized horizontal transmission as the most important pathway for infecting new cohorts and hydrodynamic models have been used to investigate if waterborne transmission by passive drift by ocean currents could explain why PD outbreaks has a tendency to cluster in time and space. SAV RNA has been detected in a lipid film, often seen in and around salmon farms, and this lipid film has therefore been proposed to contribute to dissemination of SAV between adjacent farms, driven by wind and currents. An important premise in such models is how long the virions remain infective in seawater outside its host. The survival of SAV in natural seawater and in seawater exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with wavelengths present in sunlight, simulating actual conditions in the natural environment, was investigated in this study. SAV infectivity was examined in parallel beakers containing natural seawater, sterile seawater and sterile seawater with an oil layer over a time period of 72 hours. Equivalent parallels were additionally exposed to UVR. The UV index-value used in the experiment was measured to be 22 at the surface of the water and a mean value 11 in the beakers was calculated. At 10 sampling points, water samples were taken from each beaker and infectivity was tested in CHSE-214 cells. Water samples were also analysed by real-time RT-PCR to detect viral RNA. In beakers containing sterile seawater, both with and without oil, infective virions were isolated throughout the experiment. In beakers containing natural seawater, the last ... Master Thesis Atlanterhavslaks Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
UV Akvakultur Lakseoppdrett Fiskesykdommer Pankreassykdom Atlanterhavslaks Regnbueørret Ultrafiolett stråling Norge https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c030753 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012702 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012515 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c005008 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c031361 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012698 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013800 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013288 759906 |
spellingShingle |
UV Akvakultur Lakseoppdrett Fiskesykdommer Pankreassykdom Atlanterhavslaks Regnbueørret Ultrafiolett stråling Norge https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c030753 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012702 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012515 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c005008 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c031361 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012698 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013800 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013288 759906 Skjold, Pål Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
topic_facet |
UV Akvakultur Lakseoppdrett Fiskesykdommer Pankreassykdom Atlanterhavslaks Regnbueørret Ultrafiolett stråling Norge https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c030753 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012702 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012515 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c005008 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c031361 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c012698 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013800 https://data.ub.uio.no/realfagstermer/c013288 759906 |
description |
Pancreas disease (PD) is an infectious disease caused by Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), which infects Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). PD causes substantial economical losses in salmonid aquaculture in Europe, and has, since the early 2000s, steadily increased in extent in Norwegian aquaculture. Knowledge concerning transmission pathways for the causative agent is of paramount importance in order to combat the disease. Many authors have emphasized horizontal transmission as the most important pathway for infecting new cohorts and hydrodynamic models have been used to investigate if waterborne transmission by passive drift by ocean currents could explain why PD outbreaks has a tendency to cluster in time and space. SAV RNA has been detected in a lipid film, often seen in and around salmon farms, and this lipid film has therefore been proposed to contribute to dissemination of SAV between adjacent farms, driven by wind and currents. An important premise in such models is how long the virions remain infective in seawater outside its host. The survival of SAV in natural seawater and in seawater exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with wavelengths present in sunlight, simulating actual conditions in the natural environment, was investigated in this study. SAV infectivity was examined in parallel beakers containing natural seawater, sterile seawater and sterile seawater with an oil layer over a time period of 72 hours. Equivalent parallels were additionally exposed to UVR. The UV index-value used in the experiment was measured to be 22 at the surface of the water and a mean value 11 in the beakers was calculated. At 10 sampling points, water samples were taken from each beaker and infectivity was tested in CHSE-214 cells. Water samples were also analysed by real-time RT-PCR to detect viral RNA. In beakers containing sterile seawater, both with and without oil, infective virions were isolated throughout the experiment. In beakers containing natural seawater, the last ... |
format |
Master Thesis |
author |
Skjold, Pål |
author_facet |
Skjold, Pål |
author_sort |
Skjold, Pål |
title |
Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
title_short |
Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
title_full |
Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
title_fullStr |
Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Survival of Salmonid Alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
title_sort |
survival of salmonid alphavirus in seawater under different physical conditions |
publisher |
The University of Bergen |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15822 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Atlanterhavslaks Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlanterhavslaks Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15822 |
op_rights |
Copyright the Author. All rights reserved |
_version_ |
1766356797090693120 |