Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean
Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most wides...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/15716 2023-05-15T14:54:11+02:00 Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean Paulsen, Maria Lund Doré, Hugo Garczarek, Laurence Seuthe, Lena Müller, Oliver Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Bratbak, Gunnar Larsen, Aud 2017-02-17T13:09:38Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15716 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 eng eng Frontiers Microbial dynamics in high latitude ecosystems. Responses to mixing, runoff and seasonal variation a rapidly changing environment Norges forskningsråd: 225956 Norges forskningsråd: 226415 urn:issn:2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15716 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 cristin:1386144 Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2016 The Author(s) Frontiers in Marine Science picocyanobacteria picoeukaryotes temperature adaptation petB sequences Flow cytometry high latitude ecosystems Svalbard West Spitsbergen Current Peer reviewed Journal article 2017 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 2023-03-14T17:44:15Z Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most widespread primary producers, the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus, within the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the general understanding that Synechococcus is almost absent in polar oceans due to low temperatures, we encountered high abundances (up to 21,000 cells mL−1) at 79°N, and documented their presence as far north as 82.5°N. Covering an annual cycle in 2014, we found that during autumn and winter, Synechococcus was often more abundant than picoeukaryotes, which usually dominate the picophytoplankton communities in the Arctic. Synechococcus community composition shifted from a quite high genetic diversity during the spring bloom to a clear dominance of two specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in autumn and winter. We observed abundances higher than 1000 cells mL−1 in water colder than 2°C at seven distinct stations and size-fractionation experiments demonstrated a net growth of Synechococcus at 2°C in the absence of nano-sized grazers at certain periods of the year. Phylogenetic analysis of petB sequences demonstrated that these high latitude Synechococcus group within the previously described cold-adapted clades I and IV, but also contributed to unveil novel genetic diversity, especially within clade I. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Svalbard Spitsbergen University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard Frontiers in Marine Science 3 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
picocyanobacteria picoeukaryotes temperature adaptation petB sequences Flow cytometry high latitude ecosystems Svalbard West Spitsbergen Current |
spellingShingle |
picocyanobacteria picoeukaryotes temperature adaptation petB sequences Flow cytometry high latitude ecosystems Svalbard West Spitsbergen Current Paulsen, Maria Lund Doré, Hugo Garczarek, Laurence Seuthe, Lena Müller, Oliver Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Bratbak, Gunnar Larsen, Aud Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
picocyanobacteria picoeukaryotes temperature adaptation petB sequences Flow cytometry high latitude ecosystems Svalbard West Spitsbergen Current |
description |
Increasing temperatures, with pronounced effects at high latitudes, have raised questions about potential changes in species composition, as well as possible increased importance of small-celled phytoplankton in marine systems. In this study, we mapped out one of the smallest and globally most widespread primary producers, the picocyanobacterium Synechococcus, within the Atlantic inflow to the Arctic Ocean. In contrast to the general understanding that Synechococcus is almost absent in polar oceans due to low temperatures, we encountered high abundances (up to 21,000 cells mL−1) at 79°N, and documented their presence as far north as 82.5°N. Covering an annual cycle in 2014, we found that during autumn and winter, Synechococcus was often more abundant than picoeukaryotes, which usually dominate the picophytoplankton communities in the Arctic. Synechococcus community composition shifted from a quite high genetic diversity during the spring bloom to a clear dominance of two specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in autumn and winter. We observed abundances higher than 1000 cells mL−1 in water colder than 2°C at seven distinct stations and size-fractionation experiments demonstrated a net growth of Synechococcus at 2°C in the absence of nano-sized grazers at certain periods of the year. Phylogenetic analysis of petB sequences demonstrated that these high latitude Synechococcus group within the previously described cold-adapted clades I and IV, but also contributed to unveil novel genetic diversity, especially within clade I. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Paulsen, Maria Lund Doré, Hugo Garczarek, Laurence Seuthe, Lena Müller, Oliver Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Bratbak, Gunnar Larsen, Aud |
author_facet |
Paulsen, Maria Lund Doré, Hugo Garczarek, Laurence Seuthe, Lena Müller, Oliver Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Bratbak, Gunnar Larsen, Aud |
author_sort |
Paulsen, Maria Lund |
title |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synechococcus in the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
synechococcus in the atlantic gateway to the arctic ocean |
publisher |
Frontiers |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15716 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Phytoplankton Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
op_relation |
Microbial dynamics in high latitude ecosystems. Responses to mixing, runoff and seasonal variation a rapidly changing environment Norges forskningsråd: 225956 Norges forskningsråd: 226415 urn:issn:2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/1956/15716 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 cristin:1386144 |
op_rights |
Attribution CC BY http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Copyright 2016 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00191 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
3 |
_version_ |
1766325920678805504 |