Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus
Homogenate of tissue from juveniles of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was used to challenge smolt of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with an initial average weight of 110 g. The nodavirus was administered in the form of an intraperito...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:1956/10578 2023-05-15T15:31:05+02:00 Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus Korsnes, Kjetil Devold, Magnus Nerland, Audun Nylund, Are 2015-08-07T11:10:04Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1956/10578 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 eng eng Inter-Research urn:issn:1616-1580 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/10578 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 cristin:678170 Copyright 2005 Inter-Research Nodavirus Atlantic salmon Atlantic halibut Experimental infection Q-PCR Immunohistochemistry Viral encephalopathy Retinopathy Peer reviewed Journal article 2015 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 2023-03-14T17:39:58Z Homogenate of tissue from juveniles of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was used to challenge smolt of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with an initial average weight of 110 g. The nodavirus was administered in the form of an intraperitoneal injection, and the fish were kept for 134 d post challenge. Genotype characterisation of the nodavirus was performed by sequencing the RNA1 and RNA2 segments, and a quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assay was developed. Tissues from different organs were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples were collected at random on Days 7, 25, 45, 69, 125 and 134 after challenge. Mortality, clinical signs and pathology of VER were observed only in the challenged group. The Q-PCR detected positive fish only in the challenged group, all of which were positive on all days of sampling. An increase in relative virus concentrations was observed from Day 7 to Day 25 post challenge. The increased level of virus concentration was maintained in the medulla oblongata throughout the experiment, suggesting persistence or slow elimination of the virus over time. The IHC detected positive cells on Days 34, 70 and 74. These results suggest that the nodavirus is transported to the medulla oblongata from the intraperitoneal injection site and is able to replicate in salmon. When injected, this nodavirus isolate caused mortality and established a persistent infection in the challenged salmon throughout the experiment. This susceptibility suggests that co-location of salmon and marine species should be avoided until further studies of possible transmission have been carried out. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 68 7 15 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
topic |
Nodavirus Atlantic salmon Atlantic halibut Experimental infection Q-PCR Immunohistochemistry Viral encephalopathy Retinopathy |
spellingShingle |
Nodavirus Atlantic salmon Atlantic halibut Experimental infection Q-PCR Immunohistochemistry Viral encephalopathy Retinopathy Korsnes, Kjetil Devold, Magnus Nerland, Audun Nylund, Are Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
topic_facet |
Nodavirus Atlantic salmon Atlantic halibut Experimental infection Q-PCR Immunohistochemistry Viral encephalopathy Retinopathy |
description |
Homogenate of tissue from juveniles of Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus suffering from viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) was used to challenge smolt of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar with an initial average weight of 110 g. The nodavirus was administered in the form of an intraperitoneal injection, and the fish were kept for 134 d post challenge. Genotype characterisation of the nodavirus was performed by sequencing the RNA1 and RNA2 segments, and a quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) assay was developed. Tissues from different organs were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples were collected at random on Days 7, 25, 45, 69, 125 and 134 after challenge. Mortality, clinical signs and pathology of VER were observed only in the challenged group. The Q-PCR detected positive fish only in the challenged group, all of which were positive on all days of sampling. An increase in relative virus concentrations was observed from Day 7 to Day 25 post challenge. The increased level of virus concentration was maintained in the medulla oblongata throughout the experiment, suggesting persistence or slow elimination of the virus over time. The IHC detected positive cells on Days 34, 70 and 74. These results suggest that the nodavirus is transported to the medulla oblongata from the intraperitoneal injection site and is able to replicate in salmon. When injected, this nodavirus isolate caused mortality and established a persistent infection in the challenged salmon throughout the experiment. This susceptibility suggests that co-location of salmon and marine species should be avoided until further studies of possible transmission have been carried out. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Korsnes, Kjetil Devold, Magnus Nerland, Audun Nylund, Are |
author_facet |
Korsnes, Kjetil Devold, Magnus Nerland, Audun Nylund, Are |
author_sort |
Korsnes, Kjetil |
title |
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
title_short |
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
title_full |
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
title_fullStr |
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus |
title_sort |
viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in atlantic salmon salmo salar after intraperitoneal challenge with a nodavirus from atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus |
publisher |
Inter-Research |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1956/10578 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
urn:issn:1616-1580 http://hdl.handle.net/1956/10578 https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 cristin:678170 |
op_rights |
Copyright 2005 Inter-Research |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/dao068007 |
container_title |
Diseases of Aquatic Organisms |
container_volume |
68 |
container_start_page |
7 |
op_container_end_page |
15 |
_version_ |
1766361580094619648 |