A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway
Background In Norway, x-cell parasites associated with disease in farmed salmonids have been known as a rare phenomenon for two decades. These parasites cause systemic infections in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but have so far not been characterized a...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2990394 2023-05-15T15:32:48+02:00 A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway Karlsbakk, Egil Erlingsson Nystøyl, Cecilie Flatnes Plarre, Heidrun Nylund, Are 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2990394 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 eng eng BioMed Central urn:issn:1756-3305 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2990394 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 cristin:1934416 Parasites & Vectors. 2021, 14, 431. Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright 2021 The Author(s) 431 Parasites & Vectors 14 1 Journal article Peer reviewed 2021 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 2023-03-14T17:41:29Z Background In Norway, x-cell parasites associated with disease in farmed salmonids have been known as a rare phenomenon for two decades. These parasites cause systemic infections in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but have so far not been characterized and described. Methods The x-cells from several cases of diseased fish were studied using light and electron microscopy, and by phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Results We describe here the x-cell parasite as a new species in a new genus, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. Phylogenetic analyses placed Salmoxcellia n. gen. together with Gadixcellia among the xcelliids, a group of perkinsozoan alveolates. The new genus and species were found to have vacuolate plasmodial x-cells filled with lipid droplets, and an electron-dense alveolar pellicle. Electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusions, which are characteristic of the other xcelliid genera Xcellia and Gadixcellia, are lacking in Salmoxcellia n. gen. These x-cell plasmodia divide by plasmotomy and occur as aggregates in the host tissues, particularly in blood-rich tissues such as those of the kidney, red musculature, heart and liver. Host reaction and the refractive lipid droplets in the x-cells result in S. vastator n. gen., n. sp. aggregates appearing as white patches in the tissues. Conclusions We describe a new genus and species of xcelliid protist parasites from two very important farmed fish species and provide molecular methods for detection. The new parasite is associated with disease, but more importantly it has a spoiling effect on farmed salmonid fillets, rendering them unsuitable for sale. Consequently, this parasite represents a threat to the aquaculture industry. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Norway Parasites & Vectors 14 1 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
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ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
Background In Norway, x-cell parasites associated with disease in farmed salmonids have been known as a rare phenomenon for two decades. These parasites cause systemic infections in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but have so far not been characterized and described. Methods The x-cells from several cases of diseased fish were studied using light and electron microscopy, and by phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. Results We describe here the x-cell parasite as a new species in a new genus, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. Phylogenetic analyses placed Salmoxcellia n. gen. together with Gadixcellia among the xcelliids, a group of perkinsozoan alveolates. The new genus and species were found to have vacuolate plasmodial x-cells filled with lipid droplets, and an electron-dense alveolar pellicle. Electron-dense cytoplasmic inclusions, which are characteristic of the other xcelliid genera Xcellia and Gadixcellia, are lacking in Salmoxcellia n. gen. These x-cell plasmodia divide by plasmotomy and occur as aggregates in the host tissues, particularly in blood-rich tissues such as those of the kidney, red musculature, heart and liver. Host reaction and the refractive lipid droplets in the x-cells result in S. vastator n. gen., n. sp. aggregates appearing as white patches in the tissues. Conclusions We describe a new genus and species of xcelliid protist parasites from two very important farmed fish species and provide molecular methods for detection. The new parasite is associated with disease, but more importantly it has a spoiling effect on farmed salmonid fillets, rendering them unsuitable for sale. Consequently, this parasite represents a threat to the aquaculture industry. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Karlsbakk, Egil Erlingsson Nystøyl, Cecilie Flatnes Plarre, Heidrun Nylund, Are |
spellingShingle |
Karlsbakk, Egil Erlingsson Nystøyl, Cecilie Flatnes Plarre, Heidrun Nylund, Are A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
author_facet |
Karlsbakk, Egil Erlingsson Nystøyl, Cecilie Flatnes Plarre, Heidrun Nylund, Are |
author_sort |
Karlsbakk, Egil Erlingsson |
title |
A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
title_short |
A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
title_full |
A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
title_fullStr |
A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
A novel protist parasite, Salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (Xcelliidae, Perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in Norway |
title_sort |
novel protist parasite, salmoxcellia vastator n. gen., n. sp. (xcelliidae, perkinsozoa), infecting farmed salmonids in norway |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2990394 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
431 Parasites & Vectors 14 1 |
op_relation |
urn:issn:1756-3305 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2990394 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 cristin:1934416 Parasites & Vectors. 2021, 14, 431. |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright 2021 The Author(s) |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04886-0 |
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Parasites & Vectors |
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14 |
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1 |
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