Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat
Under embargo until: 2022-05-29 While a rapid sea ice retreat in the Arctic has become ubiquitous, the potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to global warming is still under debate. As deep mixing occurs in the open ocean close to the sea ice edge,...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2889405 2023-05-15T14:29:18+02:00 Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat Bretones, Anais Magali Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes Jensen, Mari Fjalstad Brakstad, Ailin Yang, Shuting 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2889405 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 eng eng AMS urn:issn:0894-8755 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2889405 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 cristin:1965224 Journal of Climate. 2021, 35 (1), 109-124. Copyright 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses). Journal of Climate 109-124 35 1 Journal article Peer reviewed 2021 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 2023-03-14T17:39:04Z Under embargo until: 2022-05-29 While a rapid sea ice retreat in the Arctic has become ubiquitous, the potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to global warming is still under debate. As deep mixing occurs in the open ocean close to the sea ice edge, the strength and vertical extent of the AMOC is likely to respond to ongoing and future sea ice retreat. Here, we investigate the link between changes in Arctic sea ice cover and AMOC strength in a long simulation with the EC-Earth–Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) climate model under the emission scenario RCP8.5. The extended duration of the experiment (years 1850–2300) captures the disappearance of summer sea ice in 2060 and the removal of winter sea ice in 2165. By introducing a new metric, the Arctic meridional overturning circulation (ArMOC), we document changes beyond the Greenland–Scotland ridge and into the central Arctic. We find an ArMOC strengthening as the areas of deep mixing move north, following the retreating winter sea ice edge into the Nansen Basin. At the same time, mixing in the Labrador and Greenland Seas reduces and the AMOC weakens. As the winter sea ice edge retreats farther into the regions with high surface freshwater content in the central Arctic Basin, the mixing becomes shallower and the ArMOC weakens. Our results suggest that the location of deep-water formation plays a decisive role in the structure and strength of the ArMOC; however, the intermittent strengthening of the ArMOC and convection north of the Greenland–Scotland ridge cannot compensate for the progressive weakening of the AMOC. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Ice Sheet Nansen Basin Sea ice University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Greenland Journal of Climate 35 1 109 124 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
Under embargo until: 2022-05-29 While a rapid sea ice retreat in the Arctic has become ubiquitous, the potential weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in response to global warming is still under debate. As deep mixing occurs in the open ocean close to the sea ice edge, the strength and vertical extent of the AMOC is likely to respond to ongoing and future sea ice retreat. Here, we investigate the link between changes in Arctic sea ice cover and AMOC strength in a long simulation with the EC-Earth–Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) climate model under the emission scenario RCP8.5. The extended duration of the experiment (years 1850–2300) captures the disappearance of summer sea ice in 2060 and the removal of winter sea ice in 2165. By introducing a new metric, the Arctic meridional overturning circulation (ArMOC), we document changes beyond the Greenland–Scotland ridge and into the central Arctic. We find an ArMOC strengthening as the areas of deep mixing move north, following the retreating winter sea ice edge into the Nansen Basin. At the same time, mixing in the Labrador and Greenland Seas reduces and the AMOC weakens. As the winter sea ice edge retreats farther into the regions with high surface freshwater content in the central Arctic Basin, the mixing becomes shallower and the ArMOC weakens. Our results suggest that the location of deep-water formation plays a decisive role in the structure and strength of the ArMOC; however, the intermittent strengthening of the ArMOC and convection north of the Greenland–Scotland ridge cannot compensate for the progressive weakening of the AMOC. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bretones, Anais Magali Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes Jensen, Mari Fjalstad Brakstad, Ailin Yang, Shuting |
spellingShingle |
Bretones, Anais Magali Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes Jensen, Mari Fjalstad Brakstad, Ailin Yang, Shuting Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
author_facet |
Bretones, Anais Magali Nisancioglu, Kerim Hestnes Jensen, Mari Fjalstad Brakstad, Ailin Yang, Shuting |
author_sort |
Bretones, Anais Magali |
title |
Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
title_short |
Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
title_full |
Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
title_fullStr |
Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transient Increase in Arctic Deep-Water Formation and Ocean Circulation under Sea Ice Retreat |
title_sort |
transient increase in arctic deep-water formation and ocean circulation under sea ice retreat |
publisher |
AMS |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2889405 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Ice Sheet Nansen Basin Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Basin Arctic Global warming Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Ice Sheet Nansen Basin Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Climate 109-124 35 1 |
op_relation |
urn:issn:0894-8755 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2889405 https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 cristin:1965224 Journal of Climate. 2021, 35 (1), 109-124. |
op_rights |
Copyright 2021 American Meteorological Society. For information regarding reuse of this content and general copyright information, consult the AMS Copyright Policy (www.ametsoc.org/PUBSReuseLicenses). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0152.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
35 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
109 |
op_container_end_page |
124 |
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1766303357191847936 |