Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary level and ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FA) on growth, disease progression and expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following challenge with Paramoeba perurans. Fish (80 g) were fed four differ...
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2829256 2023-05-15T15:31:27+02:00 Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans Selvam, Chandrasekar Powell, Mark Darryn Liland, Nina Sylvia Rosenlund, Grethe Sissener, Nini 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2829256 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 eng eng PeerJ urn:issn:2167-8359 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2829256 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 cristin:1934143 PeerJ. 2021, 9, e12028. Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright 2021 the authors e12028 PeerJ 9 Journal article Peer reviewed 2021 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 2023-03-14T17:41:32Z The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary level and ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FA) on growth, disease progression and expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following challenge with Paramoeba perurans. Fish (80 g) were fed four different diets with different ratios of n-6/n-3 FA; at 1.3, 2.4 and 6.0 and one diet with ratio of 1.3 combined with a higher level of n-3 FA and n-6 FA. The diet with the n-6/n-3 FA ratio of 6.0 was included to ensure potential n-6 FA effects were revealed, while the three other diets were more commercially relevant n-6/n-3 FA ratios and levels. After a pre-feeding period of 3 months, fish from each diet regime were challenged with a standardized laboratory challenge using a clonal culture of P. perurans at the concentration of 1,000 cells L−1. The subsequent development of the disease was monitored (by gross gill score), and sampling conducted before challenge and at weekly sampling points for 5 weeks post-challenge. Challenge with P. perurans did not have a significant impact on the growth of the fish during the challenge period, but fish given the feed with the highest n-6/n-3 FA ratio had reduced growth compared to the other groups. Total gill score for all surfaces showed a significant increase with time, reaching a maximum at 21 days post-challenge and declined thereafter, irrespective of diet groups. Challenge with P. perurans influenced the mRNA expression of examined genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (TNF-α, iNOS, IL4-13b, GATA-3, IL-1β, p53, COX2 and PGE2-EP4), but diet did not influence the gene expression. In conclusion, an increase in dietary n-6/n-3 FA ratio influenced the growth of Atlantic salmon challenged with P. perurans; however, it did not alter the mRNA expression of immune genes or progression of the disease. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Gata ENVELOPE(-19.702,-19.702,63.540,63.540) PeerJ 9 e12028 |
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Open Polar |
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University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
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ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of dietary level and ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (FA) on growth, disease progression and expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) following challenge with Paramoeba perurans. Fish (80 g) were fed four different diets with different ratios of n-6/n-3 FA; at 1.3, 2.4 and 6.0 and one diet with ratio of 1.3 combined with a higher level of n-3 FA and n-6 FA. The diet with the n-6/n-3 FA ratio of 6.0 was included to ensure potential n-6 FA effects were revealed, while the three other diets were more commercially relevant n-6/n-3 FA ratios and levels. After a pre-feeding period of 3 months, fish from each diet regime were challenged with a standardized laboratory challenge using a clonal culture of P. perurans at the concentration of 1,000 cells L−1. The subsequent development of the disease was monitored (by gross gill score), and sampling conducted before challenge and at weekly sampling points for 5 weeks post-challenge. Challenge with P. perurans did not have a significant impact on the growth of the fish during the challenge period, but fish given the feed with the highest n-6/n-3 FA ratio had reduced growth compared to the other groups. Total gill score for all surfaces showed a significant increase with time, reaching a maximum at 21 days post-challenge and declined thereafter, irrespective of diet groups. Challenge with P. perurans influenced the mRNA expression of examined genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (TNF-α, iNOS, IL4-13b, GATA-3, IL-1β, p53, COX2 and PGE2-EP4), but diet did not influence the gene expression. In conclusion, an increase in dietary n-6/n-3 FA ratio influenced the growth of Atlantic salmon challenged with P. perurans; however, it did not alter the mRNA expression of immune genes or progression of the disease. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Selvam, Chandrasekar Powell, Mark Darryn Liland, Nina Sylvia Rosenlund, Grethe Sissener, Nini |
spellingShingle |
Selvam, Chandrasekar Powell, Mark Darryn Liland, Nina Sylvia Rosenlund, Grethe Sissener, Nini Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
author_facet |
Selvam, Chandrasekar Powell, Mark Darryn Liland, Nina Sylvia Rosenlund, Grethe Sissener, Nini |
author_sort |
Selvam, Chandrasekar |
title |
Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
title_short |
Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
title_full |
Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
title_fullStr |
Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mRNA expression of immune and inflammatory markers in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with Paramoeba perurans |
title_sort |
impact of dietary level and ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on disease progression and mrna expression of immune and inflammatory markers in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) challenged with paramoeba perurans |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2829256 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-19.702,-19.702,63.540,63.540) |
geographic |
Gata |
geographic_facet |
Gata |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
e12028 PeerJ 9 |
op_relation |
urn:issn:2167-8359 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2829256 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 cristin:1934143 PeerJ. 2021, 9, e12028. |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright 2021 the authors |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12028 |
container_title |
PeerJ |
container_volume |
9 |
container_start_page |
e12028 |
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1766361965907673088 |