Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts
The Arctic Ocean plays a fundamental role in regulating Earth’s climate, and a changing Arctic will affect climate, weather, and life everywhere on the planet. Understanding the fundamental dynamics and mechanisms driving natural variability, and the effects of anthropogenic warming in the Arctic cl...
Published in: | Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
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Format: | Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
Language: | English |
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The University of Bergen
2021
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2770463 |
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University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
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English |
description |
The Arctic Ocean plays a fundamental role in regulating Earth’s climate, and a changing Arctic will affect climate, weather, and life everywhere on the planet. Understanding the fundamental dynamics and mechanisms driving natural variability, and the effects of anthropogenic warming in the Arctic climate system is imperative to improve future climate predictions. Warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) entering the region across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge is the primary heat source to the Arctic Ocean and plays an essential role in modulating the Arctic climate system. However, our knowledge is still insufficient to make skillful projections of future Arctic climate change with uncertainty levels similar to other regions. This thesis improves our understanding of the role of AW in the Arctic Ocean, focusing primarily on: its variations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; the underlying mechanisms governing this variability; and its proliferating regional impacts on sea ice, marine-terminating glaciers, and stratification. First, we investigate the twentieth-century variability of AW heat transport through the gates of the Arctic Ocean. The analysis is based on a simulation from the global ocean-ice Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) supported by an extensive set of hydrographic observations dating back to 1900. We quantify prominent variability in both AW temperature and volume transport on near-decadal time scales, as well as significant positive trends in the most recent decades. Variations in volume transport were found to be linked to the wind forcing in the Nordic Seas and Subtropical North Atlantic, as manifested through the North Atlantic Oscillation, although the correlation is not constant over time and breaks down entirely in specific periods, such as the Early Twentieth Century Warming period. Variations in temperature are a combination of advected signals originating upstream and variations in atmospheric cooling over the Nordic Seas, which effectively dampen the AW heat anomalies along ... |
author2 |
orcid:0000-0001-9101-6646 |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Muilwijk, Morven Korneel |
spellingShingle |
Muilwijk, Morven Korneel Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
author_facet |
Muilwijk, Morven Korneel |
author_sort |
Muilwijk, Morven Korneel |
title |
Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_short |
Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_full |
Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts |
title_sort |
atlantic water in the arctic ocean - mechanisms and impacts |
publisher |
The University of Bergen |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2770463 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Nordic Seas North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Nordic Seas North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
op_relation |
Paper I: Muilwijk, M., Smedsrud, L. H., Ilicak, M., Drange, H. (2018). Atlantic Water heat transport variability in the 20th century Arctic Ocean from a global ocean model and observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(11), 8159-8179. The article is available in the thesis file. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014327 Paper II: Muilwijk, M., Ilicak, M., Cornish, S.B., Danilov, S., Gelderloos, R., Gerdes, R., Haid, V., Haine, T.W., Johnson, H.L., Kostov, Y., Kovács, T., Lique, C., Marson, J.M., Myers, P.G., Scott, J., Smedsrud, L.H., Talandier, C.,Wang, Q. (2019). Arctic Ocean response to Greenland Sea wind anomalies in a suite of model simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(8), pp.6286-6322. The article is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/1956/21006 Paper III: Muilwijk. M., Staneo, F., Slater, D., Smedsrud, L. H., Wood, M., Holte, J., Andresen, C., Harden, B. Export of ice sheet meltwater from Upernavik Fjord, West Greenland. The article is not available in BORA. Paper IV: Muilwijk. M., Smedsrud, L. H., Polyakov, I., Nummelin, A. Past, present, and future Arctic Ocean stratification from observations and CMIP6 simulations. The article is not available in BORA. container/3d/a5/fa/d6/3da5fad6-57a7-4bb5-a743-f2364873ba1c urn:isbn:9788230841709 urn:isbn:9788230866306 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2770463 |
op_rights |
In copyright http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ Copyright the Author. All rights reserved |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014327 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
container_volume |
123 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
8159 |
op_container_end_page |
8179 |
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1766300308008337408 |
spelling |
ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2770463 2023-05-15T14:26:51+02:00 Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean - Mechanisms and Impacts Muilwijk, Morven Korneel orcid:0000-0001-9101-6646 2021-07-06T13:50:12.302Z application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2770463 eng eng The University of Bergen Paper I: Muilwijk, M., Smedsrud, L. H., Ilicak, M., Drange, H. (2018). Atlantic Water heat transport variability in the 20th century Arctic Ocean from a global ocean model and observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(11), 8159-8179. The article is available in the thesis file. The article is also available at: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014327 Paper II: Muilwijk, M., Ilicak, M., Cornish, S.B., Danilov, S., Gelderloos, R., Gerdes, R., Haid, V., Haine, T.W., Johnson, H.L., Kostov, Y., Kovács, T., Lique, C., Marson, J.M., Myers, P.G., Scott, J., Smedsrud, L.H., Talandier, C.,Wang, Q. (2019). Arctic Ocean response to Greenland Sea wind anomalies in a suite of model simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(8), pp.6286-6322. The article is available at: https://hdl.handle.net/1956/21006 Paper III: Muilwijk. M., Staneo, F., Slater, D., Smedsrud, L. H., Wood, M., Holte, J., Andresen, C., Harden, B. Export of ice sheet meltwater from Upernavik Fjord, West Greenland. The article is not available in BORA. Paper IV: Muilwijk. M., Smedsrud, L. H., Polyakov, I., Nummelin, A. Past, present, and future Arctic Ocean stratification from observations and CMIP6 simulations. The article is not available in BORA. container/3d/a5/fa/d6/3da5fad6-57a7-4bb5-a743-f2364873ba1c urn:isbn:9788230841709 urn:isbn:9788230866306 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2770463 In copyright http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/ Copyright the Author. All rights reserved Doctoral thesis 2021 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014327 2023-03-14T17:42:01Z The Arctic Ocean plays a fundamental role in regulating Earth’s climate, and a changing Arctic will affect climate, weather, and life everywhere on the planet. Understanding the fundamental dynamics and mechanisms driving natural variability, and the effects of anthropogenic warming in the Arctic climate system is imperative to improve future climate predictions. Warm and saline Atlantic Water (AW) entering the region across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge is the primary heat source to the Arctic Ocean and plays an essential role in modulating the Arctic climate system. However, our knowledge is still insufficient to make skillful projections of future Arctic climate change with uncertainty levels similar to other regions. This thesis improves our understanding of the role of AW in the Arctic Ocean, focusing primarily on: its variations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; the underlying mechanisms governing this variability; and its proliferating regional impacts on sea ice, marine-terminating glaciers, and stratification. First, we investigate the twentieth-century variability of AW heat transport through the gates of the Arctic Ocean. The analysis is based on a simulation from the global ocean-ice Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) supported by an extensive set of hydrographic observations dating back to 1900. We quantify prominent variability in both AW temperature and volume transport on near-decadal time scales, as well as significant positive trends in the most recent decades. Variations in volume transport were found to be linked to the wind forcing in the Nordic Seas and Subtropical North Atlantic, as manifested through the North Atlantic Oscillation, although the correlation is not constant over time and breaks down entirely in specific periods, such as the Early Twentieth Century Warming period. Variations in temperature are a combination of advected signals originating upstream and variations in atmospheric cooling over the Nordic Seas, which effectively dampen the AW heat anomalies along ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Nordic Seas North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 123 11 8159 8179 |