Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 empl...
Published in: | Geoscientific Model Development |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2731178 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 |
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ftunivbergen:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2731178 2023-05-15T18:18:54+02:00 Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H. Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael 2020-12 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2731178 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 eng eng Copernicus Notur/NorStore: NS9082K Notur/NorStore: NS2345K Notur/NorStore: NN9252K Notur/NorStore: NN9560K Notur/NorStore: NN2345K Nordforsk: 57001 Norges forskningsråd: 261821 Norges forskningsråd: 229771 Notur/NorStore: NS9034K Norges forskningsråd: 295046 Notur/NorStore: NS9252K Norges forskningsråd: 270061 EC/H2020/821205 EC/H2020/824084 EC/H2020/641816 EC/H2020/727862 Notur/NorStore: NS9560K urn:issn:1991-959X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2731178 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 cristin:1865890 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright The authors Geoscientific Model Development 13 6165-6200 Journal article Peer reviewed 2020 ftunivbergen https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 2023-03-14T17:42:25Z The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 employs entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models. The atmosphere component of NorESM2 (CAM-Nor) includes a different module for aerosol physics and chemistry, including interactions with cloud and radiation; additionally, CAM-Nor includes improvements in the formulation of local dry and moist energy conservation, in local and global angular momentum conservation, and in the computations for deep convection and air–sea fluxes. The surface components of NorESM2 have minor changes in the albedo calculations and to land and sea-ice models. We present results from simulations with NorESM2 that were carried out for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Two versions of the model are used: one with lower (∼ 2∘) atmosphere–land resolution and one with medium (∼ 1∘) atmosphere–land resolution. The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO2 are assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. Compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 appears less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an estimated equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150-year time frame; however, this estimate increases with the time window and the climate sensitivity at equilibration is much higher. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) Geoscientific Model Development 13 12 6165 6200 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Bergen: Bergen Open Research Archive (BORA-UiB) |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbergen |
language |
English |
description |
The second version of the coupled Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) is presented and evaluated. NorESM2 is based on the second version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and shares with CESM2 the computer code infrastructure and many Earth system model components. However, NorESM2 employs entirely different ocean and ocean biogeochemistry models. The atmosphere component of NorESM2 (CAM-Nor) includes a different module for aerosol physics and chemistry, including interactions with cloud and radiation; additionally, CAM-Nor includes improvements in the formulation of local dry and moist energy conservation, in local and global angular momentum conservation, and in the computations for deep convection and air–sea fluxes. The surface components of NorESM2 have minor changes in the albedo calculations and to land and sea-ice models. We present results from simulations with NorESM2 that were carried out for the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Two versions of the model are used: one with lower (∼ 2∘) atmosphere–land resolution and one with medium (∼ 1∘) atmosphere–land resolution. The stability of the pre-industrial climate and the sensitivity of the model to abrupt and gradual quadrupling of CO2 are assessed, along with the ability of the model to simulate the historical climate under the CMIP6 forcings. Compared to observations and reanalyses, NorESM2 represents an improvement over previous versions of NorESM in most aspects. NorESM2 appears less sensitive to greenhouse gas forcing than its predecessors, with an estimated equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.5 K in both resolutions on a 150-year time frame; however, this estimate increases with the time window and the climate sensitivity at equilibration is much higher. We also consider the model response to future scenarios as defined by selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from the Scenario Model Intercomparison Project defined under CMIP6. Under the four scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H. Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael |
spellingShingle |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H. Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
author_facet |
Seland, Øyvind Bentsen, Mats Oliviè, Dirk Jan Leo Toniazzo, Thomas Gjermundsen, Ada Graff, Lise Seland Debernard, Jens Boldingh Gupta, Alok Kumar He, Yan-Chun Kirkevåg, Alf Schwinger, Jörg Tjiputra, Jerry Aas, Kjetil Schanke Bethke, Ingo Fan, Yuanchao Griesfeller, Jan Grini, Alf Guo, Chuncheng Ilicak, Mehmet Karset, Inger Helene H. Landgren, Oskar Andreas Liakka, Johan Moseid, Kine Onsum Nummelin, Aleksi Spensberger, Clemens Tang, Hui Zhang, Zhongshi Heinze, Christoph Iversen, Trond Schulz, Michael |
author_sort |
Seland, Øyvind |
title |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
title_short |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
title_full |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
title_fullStr |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations |
title_sort |
overview of the norwegian earth system model (noresm2) and key climate response of cmip6 deck, historical, and scenario simulations |
publisher |
Copernicus |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2731178 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Geoscientific Model Development 13 6165-6200 |
op_relation |
Notur/NorStore: NS9082K Notur/NorStore: NS2345K Notur/NorStore: NN9252K Notur/NorStore: NN9560K Notur/NorStore: NN2345K Nordforsk: 57001 Norges forskningsråd: 261821 Norges forskningsråd: 229771 Notur/NorStore: NS9034K Norges forskningsråd: 295046 Notur/NorStore: NS9252K Norges forskningsråd: 270061 EC/H2020/821205 EC/H2020/824084 EC/H2020/641816 EC/H2020/727862 Notur/NorStore: NS9560K urn:issn:1991-959X https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2731178 https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 cristin:1865890 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright The authors |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020 |
container_title |
Geoscientific Model Development |
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13 |
container_issue |
12 |
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6165 |
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6200 |
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