Reconstruction of the geometry of volcanic vents by trajectory tracking of fast ejecta - The case of the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption (Iceland)

• Published in: Earth, Planets and Space
• Main Authors: Dürig, Tobias, Gudmundsson, Magnus T., DELLINO, Pierfrancesco
• Other Authors: Dürig, Tobia, Dellino, Pierfrancesco
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2015
• Subjects: Ejecta trajectory tracking; Eruption source parameter; Explosive volcanism; Near-field monitoring; Pulsating explosive eruption; Vent geometry; Video analysi; Geology; Space and Planetary Science; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167452; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0243-x; http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623

Two methods are introduced to estimate the depth of origin of ejecta trajectories (depth to magma level in conduit) and the diameter of a conduit in an erupting crater, using analysis of videos from the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption to evaluate their applicability. Both methods rely on the identification of straight, initial trajectories of fast ejecta, observed near the crater rims before they are appreciably bent by air drag and gravity. In the first method, through tracking these straight trajectories and identifying a cut-off angle, the inner diameter and the depth level of the vent can be constrained. In the second method, the intersection point of straight trajectories from individual pulses is used to determine the maximum possible depth from which the tracked ejecta originated and the width of the region from which the pulses emanated. The two methods give nearly identical results on the depth to magma level in the crater of Eyjafjallajökull on 8 to 10 May of 51 ± 7 m. The inner vent diameter, at the level of origin of the pulses and ejecta, is found to have been 8 to 15 m. These methods open up the possibility to feed (near) real-time monitoring systems with otherwise inaccessible information about vent geometry during an ongoing eruption and help defining important eruption source parameters.