Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland
The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano was characterized by pulsating activity. Discrete ash bursts merged at higher altitude and formed a sustained quasi-continuous eruption column. High-resolution near-field videos were recorded on 8-10 May, during the second explosive phase of the eruption...
Published in: | Earth, Planets and Space |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167451 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623 |
id |
ftunivbari:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/167451 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftunivbari:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/167451 2024-02-11T10:03:39+01:00 Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland Dürig, Tobias Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd DELLINO, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf Dürig, Tobia Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd Dellino, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167451 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000364376600001 volume:67 issue:1 journal:EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167451 doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84946575686 http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Explosive volcanism Eyjafjallajökull 2010 Mass eruption rate Near-field monitoring Pulsating explosive eruption Geology Space and Planetary Science info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2015 ftunivbari https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 2024-01-17T17:38:54Z The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano was characterized by pulsating activity. Discrete ash bursts merged at higher altitude and formed a sustained quasi-continuous eruption column. High-resolution near-field videos were recorded on 8-10 May, during the second explosive phase of the eruption, and supplemented by contemporary aerial observations. In the observed period, pulses occurred at intervals of 0.8 to 23.4 s (average, 4.2 s). On the basis of video analysis, the pulse volume and the velocity of the reversely buoyant jets that initiated each pulse were determined. The expansion history of jets was tracked until the pulses reached the height of transition from a negatively buoyant jet to a convective buoyant plume about 100 m above the vent. Based on the assumption that the density of the gas-solid mixture making up the pulse approximates that of the surrounding air at the level of transition from the jet to the plume, a mass flux ranging between 2.2 and 3.5 · 104 kg/s was calculated. This mass eruption rate is in good agreement with results obtained with simple models relating plume height with mass discharge at the vent. Our findings indicate that near-field measurements of eruption source parameters in a pulsating eruption may prove to be an effective monitoring tool. A comparison of the observed pulses with those generated in calibrated large-scale experiments reveals very similar characteristics and suggests that the analysis of near-field sensors could in the future help to constrain the triggering mechanism of explosive eruptions. Article in Journal/Newspaper Eyjafjallajökull Iceland Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro: CINECA IRIS Earth, Planets and Space 67 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro: CINECA IRIS |
op_collection_id |
ftunivbari |
language |
English |
topic |
Explosive volcanism Eyjafjallajökull 2010 Mass eruption rate Near-field monitoring Pulsating explosive eruption Geology Space and Planetary Science |
spellingShingle |
Explosive volcanism Eyjafjallajökull 2010 Mass eruption rate Near-field monitoring Pulsating explosive eruption Geology Space and Planetary Science Dürig, Tobias Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd DELLINO, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
topic_facet |
Explosive volcanism Eyjafjallajökull 2010 Mass eruption rate Near-field monitoring Pulsating explosive eruption Geology Space and Planetary Science |
description |
The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano was characterized by pulsating activity. Discrete ash bursts merged at higher altitude and formed a sustained quasi-continuous eruption column. High-resolution near-field videos were recorded on 8-10 May, during the second explosive phase of the eruption, and supplemented by contemporary aerial observations. In the observed period, pulses occurred at intervals of 0.8 to 23.4 s (average, 4.2 s). On the basis of video analysis, the pulse volume and the velocity of the reversely buoyant jets that initiated each pulse were determined. The expansion history of jets was tracked until the pulses reached the height of transition from a negatively buoyant jet to a convective buoyant plume about 100 m above the vent. Based on the assumption that the density of the gas-solid mixture making up the pulse approximates that of the surrounding air at the level of transition from the jet to the plume, a mass flux ranging between 2.2 and 3.5 · 104 kg/s was calculated. This mass eruption rate is in good agreement with results obtained with simple models relating plume height with mass discharge at the vent. Our findings indicate that near-field measurements of eruption source parameters in a pulsating eruption may prove to be an effective monitoring tool. A comparison of the observed pulses with those generated in calibrated large-scale experiments reveals very similar characteristics and suggests that the analysis of near-field sensors could in the future help to constrain the triggering mechanism of explosive eruptions. |
author2 |
Dürig, Tobia Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd Dellino, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dürig, Tobias Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd DELLINO, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf |
author_facet |
Dürig, Tobias Gudmundsson, Magnús Tumi Karmann, Sven Zimanowski, Bernd DELLINO, Pierfrancesco Rietze, Martin Büttner, Ralf |
author_sort |
Dürig, Tobias |
title |
Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
title_short |
Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
title_full |
Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - A case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland |
title_sort |
mass eruption rates in pulsating eruptions estimated from video analysis of the gas thrust-buoyancy transition - a case study of the 2010 eruption of eyjafjallajökull, iceland |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167451 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623 |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull Iceland |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000364376600001 volume:67 issue:1 journal:EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE http://hdl.handle.net/11586/167451 doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84946575686 http://rd.springer.com/journal/40623 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0351-7 |
container_title |
Earth, Planets and Space |
container_volume |
67 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1790599957482307584 |