Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front

• Published in: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
• Main Authors: González-Wevar, Claudio, A., Segovia, N.I., I, Rosenfeld, Sebastian, Noll, Dominikus, Maturana, C.S., S, Hüne, M., Naretto, J., Gérard, Karine, Díaz, Angie, Spencer, H.G., G, Saucède, Thomas, Féral, Jean-Pierre, Morley, S.A., A, Brickle, P., Wilson, N.G., G, Poulin, Elie
• Other Authors: Biogéosciences UMR 6282 (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondecyt Initiation Project 11140087, Program FONDAP, Project Nº 15150003, INACH Office Project RG_18-17 to C.A.G-W; Projects P05-002 ICM, PFB 023 (Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad IEB, Universidad de Chile), project GAB (ACT172065), Fondecyt Regular Project 1151336, French Polar Institute- IPEV (program n°1044-Proteker), LTSER Zone Atelier Antarctique et Subantarctique (ZATA)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2021
• Subjects: Southern Ocean; Antarctic Polar Front; long-distance dispersal; benthic-protected development; rafting; Margarella; MESH: Océan Austral; front polaire antarctique; dispersion à longue distance; développement protégé benthique; incubation; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Austral; Kerguelen; Kerguelen Islands; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica; Antarctique*
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-03074834; https://hal.science/hal-03074834/document; https://hal.science/hal-03074834/file/2020_Gonz%C3%A1lez-Wevar_Molecular%20Phylogenetics%20and%20Evolution-preproof_Contrasting%20biogeographical%20patterns%20in%20Margarella%20%28Gastropoda,%20Calliostomatidae,%20Margarellinae%29%20across%20the%20Antarctic%20Polar%20Front.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107039

International audience Members of the trochoidean genus Margarella (Calliostomatidae) are broadly distributed across Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems. Here we used novel mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to clarify species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among seven nominal species distributed on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). Molecular reconstructions and species-delimitation analyses recognized only four species: M. antarctica (the Antarctic Peninsula), M. achilles (endemic to South Georgia), M. steineni (South Georgia and Crozet Island) and the morphologically variable M. violacea (=M. expansa, M. porcellana and M. pruinosa), with populations in southern South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. Margarella violacea and M. achilles are sister species, closely related to M. steineni, with M. antarctica sister to all these. This taxonomy reflects contrasting biogeographic patterns on either side of the APF in the Southern Ocean. Populations of Margarella north of the APF (M. violacea) showed significant genetic variation but with many shared haplotypes between geographically distant populations. By contrast, populations south of the APF (M. antarctica, M. steineni and M. achilles) exhibited fewer haplotypes and comprised three distinct species, each occurring across a separate geographical range. We hypothesize that the biogeographical differences may be the consequence of the presence north of the APF of buoyant kelps – potential long-distance dispersal vectors for these vetigastropods with benthic-protected development – and their near-absence to the south. Finally, we suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity within higher-latitude Margarella reflect the impact of Quaternary glacial cycles that exterminated local populations during their maxima.