Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish
Antarctic notothenioids, along with many other polar marine fishes, have evolved biological antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to survive in their icy environments. The larvae of Antarctic notothenioid fish hatch into the same frigid environment inhabited by the adults, suggesting that they must also be pro...
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2006
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2292/12756 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 |
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ftunivauckland:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/12756 2023-05-15T13:58:52+02:00 Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish Cziko, PA Evans, CW Cheng, CHC DeVries, AL 2006 http://hdl.handle.net/2292/12756 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 EN eng Company of Biologists Journal of Experimental Biology Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Details obtained from http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0022-0949/ https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm Copyright: the authors http://purl.org/eprint/accessRights/RestrictedAccess http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 Notothenioidei Bathydraconidae Nototheniidae antifreeze glycoprotein antifreeze potentiating protein development gills mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 temperature logging EELPOUT ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS NOTOTHENIOID FISH GYMNODRACO-ACUTICEPS SURFACE-STRUCTURE INTESTINAL FLUID MCMURDO SOUND POLAR FISHES ROSS SEA EGGS ICE Journal Article 2006 ftunivauckland https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 2013-12-07T09:17:10Z Antarctic notothenioids, along with many other polar marine fishes, have evolved biological antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to survive in their icy environments. The larvae of Antarctic notothenioid fish hatch into the same frigid environment inhabited by the adults, suggesting that they must also be protected by sufficient AFPs, but this has never been verified. We have determined the contribution of AFPs to the freezing resistance of the larvae of three species: Gymnodraco acuticeps, Pagothenia borehgrevinki and Pleuragramina antarcticum. Of the three, only P. borchgrevinki larvae are protected by high, adult levels of AFPs. Hatchling G. acuticeps and P. autarcticum have drastically inadequate AFP concentrations to avoid freezing at the ambient seawater temperature (-1.91 degrees C). We raised G. acuticeps larvae and measured the AFP levels in their blood for similar to 5 months post hatching. Larval serum freezing point was -1.34 +/- 0.04 degrees C at the time of hatch; it began to decrease only after 30 days post hatch (d.p.h.), and finally reached the adult value (-2.61 +/- 0.03 degrees C) by 147 d.p.h. Additionally, AFP concentrations in their intestinal fluids were very low at hatching, and did not increase with age throughout a sampling period of 84 d.p.h.Surviving in a freezing environment without adequate AFP protection suggests that other mechanisms of larval freezing resistance exist. Accordingly, we found that G. acuticeps hatchlings survived to -3.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C while in contact with external ice, but only survived to -1.5 +/- 0.0 degrees C when ice was artificially introduced into their tissues. P. antarcticum larvae were similarly resistant to organismal freezing. The gills of all three species were found to be underdeveloped at the time of hatch, minimizing the risk of ice introduction through these delicate structures. Thus, an intact integument, underdeveloped gill structures and other physical barriers to ice propagation may contribute significantly to the freezing resistance and survival of these larval fishes in the icy conditions of the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean University of Auckland Research Repository - ResearchSpace Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean Journal of Experimental Biology 209 3 407 420 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Auckland Research Repository - ResearchSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftunivauckland |
language |
English |
topic |
Notothenioidei Bathydraconidae Nototheniidae antifreeze glycoprotein antifreeze potentiating protein development gills mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 temperature logging EELPOUT ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS NOTOTHENIOID FISH GYMNODRACO-ACUTICEPS SURFACE-STRUCTURE INTESTINAL FLUID MCMURDO SOUND POLAR FISHES ROSS SEA EGGS ICE |
spellingShingle |
Notothenioidei Bathydraconidae Nototheniidae antifreeze glycoprotein antifreeze potentiating protein development gills mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 temperature logging EELPOUT ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS NOTOTHENIOID FISH GYMNODRACO-ACUTICEPS SURFACE-STRUCTURE INTESTINAL FLUID MCMURDO SOUND POLAR FISHES ROSS SEA EGGS ICE Cziko, PA Evans, CW Cheng, CHC DeVries, AL Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
topic_facet |
Notothenioidei Bathydraconidae Nototheniidae antifreeze glycoprotein antifreeze potentiating protein development gills mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 temperature logging EELPOUT ZOARCES-VIVIPARUS NOTOTHENIOID FISH GYMNODRACO-ACUTICEPS SURFACE-STRUCTURE INTESTINAL FLUID MCMURDO SOUND POLAR FISHES ROSS SEA EGGS ICE |
description |
Antarctic notothenioids, along with many other polar marine fishes, have evolved biological antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to survive in their icy environments. The larvae of Antarctic notothenioid fish hatch into the same frigid environment inhabited by the adults, suggesting that they must also be protected by sufficient AFPs, but this has never been verified. We have determined the contribution of AFPs to the freezing resistance of the larvae of three species: Gymnodraco acuticeps, Pagothenia borehgrevinki and Pleuragramina antarcticum. Of the three, only P. borchgrevinki larvae are protected by high, adult levels of AFPs. Hatchling G. acuticeps and P. autarcticum have drastically inadequate AFP concentrations to avoid freezing at the ambient seawater temperature (-1.91 degrees C). We raised G. acuticeps larvae and measured the AFP levels in their blood for similar to 5 months post hatching. Larval serum freezing point was -1.34 +/- 0.04 degrees C at the time of hatch; it began to decrease only after 30 days post hatch (d.p.h.), and finally reached the adult value (-2.61 +/- 0.03 degrees C) by 147 d.p.h. Additionally, AFP concentrations in their intestinal fluids were very low at hatching, and did not increase with age throughout a sampling period of 84 d.p.h.Surviving in a freezing environment without adequate AFP protection suggests that other mechanisms of larval freezing resistance exist. Accordingly, we found that G. acuticeps hatchlings survived to -3.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C while in contact with external ice, but only survived to -1.5 +/- 0.0 degrees C when ice was artificially introduced into their tissues. P. antarcticum larvae were similarly resistant to organismal freezing. The gills of all three species were found to be underdeveloped at the time of hatch, minimizing the risk of ice introduction through these delicate structures. Thus, an intact integument, underdeveloped gill structures and other physical barriers to ice propagation may contribute significantly to the freezing resistance and survival of these larval fishes in the icy conditions of the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cziko, PA Evans, CW Cheng, CHC DeVries, AL |
author_facet |
Cziko, PA Evans, CW Cheng, CHC DeVries, AL |
author_sort |
Cziko, PA |
title |
Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
title_short |
Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
title_full |
Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
title_fullStr |
Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
title_full_unstemmed |
Freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval Antarctic fish |
title_sort |
freezing resistance of antifreeze-deficient larval antarctic fish |
publisher |
Company of Biologists |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2292/12756 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 |
geographic |
Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic McMurdo Sound Ross Sea Southern Ocean |
op_source |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 |
op_relation |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
op_rights |
Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Previously published items are made available in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Details obtained from http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0022-0949/ https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm Copyright: the authors http://purl.org/eprint/accessRights/RestrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02008 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
209 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
407 |
op_container_end_page |
420 |
_version_ |
1766267226608893952 |