Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish
Background: Ecological traps form when artificial structures are added to natural habitats and induce mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences. Their existence in terrestrial systems has been documented, yet little evidence suggests they occur in marine environments. Coastal f...
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10045/16570 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 |
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ftunivalicante:oai:rua.ua.es:10045/16570 2023-05-15T15:27:44+02:00 Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish Dempster, Tim Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo Fernandez-Jover, Damian Bayle-Sempere, Just T. Nilsen, Rune Bjørn, Pal-Arne Uglem, Ingebrigt Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada Biología Marina 2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10045/16570 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 eng eng Public Library of Science http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 DEMPSTER, Tim, et al. “Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish”. PLoS ONE. Vol. 6, Issue 1 (Jan. 2011). ISSN 1932-6203, pp. e15646 [1-9] 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/10045/16570 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 © 2011 Dempster et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC-BY Acuicultura Ictiofauna Impacto Ecological traps Population source Wild fish Zoología Ecología info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 ftunivalicante https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 2020-06-05T13:05:03Z Background: Ecological traps form when artificial structures are added to natural habitats and induce mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences. Their existence in terrestrial systems has been documented, yet little evidence suggests they occur in marine environments. Coastal fish farms are widespread artificial structures in coastal ecosystems and are highly attractive to wild fish. Methodology/Principal Findings: To investigate if coastal salmon farms act as ecological traps for wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens), we compared proxy measures of fitness between farm-associated fish and control fish caught distant from farms in nine locations throughout coastal Norway, the largest coastal fish farming industry in the world. Farms modified wild fish diets in both quality and quantity, thereby providing farm-associated wild fish with a strong trophic subsidy. This translated to greater somatic (saithe: 1.06–1.12 times; cod: 1.06–1.11 times) and liver condition indices (saithe: 1.4–1.8 times; cod: 2.0–2.8 times) than control fish caught distant from farms. Parasite loads of farm-associated wild fish were modified from control fish, with increased external and decreased internal parasites, however the strong effect of the trophic subsidy overrode any effects of altered loads upon condition. Conclusions and Significance: Proxy measures of fitness provided no evidence that salmon farms function as ecological traps for wild fish. We suggest fish farms may act as population sources for wild fish, provided they are protected from fishing while resident at farms to allow their increased condition to manifest as greater reproductive output. Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council Havet og kysten program to the CoastACE project (no: 173384). Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua RUA - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Norway PLoS ONE 6 1 e15646 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
RUA - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante |
op_collection_id |
ftunivalicante |
language |
English |
topic |
Acuicultura Ictiofauna Impacto Ecological traps Population source Wild fish Zoología Ecología |
spellingShingle |
Acuicultura Ictiofauna Impacto Ecological traps Population source Wild fish Zoología Ecología Dempster, Tim Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo Fernandez-Jover, Damian Bayle-Sempere, Just T. Nilsen, Rune Bjørn, Pal-Arne Uglem, Ingebrigt Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
topic_facet |
Acuicultura Ictiofauna Impacto Ecological traps Population source Wild fish Zoología Ecología |
description |
Background: Ecological traps form when artificial structures are added to natural habitats and induce mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences. Their existence in terrestrial systems has been documented, yet little evidence suggests they occur in marine environments. Coastal fish farms are widespread artificial structures in coastal ecosystems and are highly attractive to wild fish. Methodology/Principal Findings: To investigate if coastal salmon farms act as ecological traps for wild Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens), we compared proxy measures of fitness between farm-associated fish and control fish caught distant from farms in nine locations throughout coastal Norway, the largest coastal fish farming industry in the world. Farms modified wild fish diets in both quality and quantity, thereby providing farm-associated wild fish with a strong trophic subsidy. This translated to greater somatic (saithe: 1.06–1.12 times; cod: 1.06–1.11 times) and liver condition indices (saithe: 1.4–1.8 times; cod: 2.0–2.8 times) than control fish caught distant from farms. Parasite loads of farm-associated wild fish were modified from control fish, with increased external and decreased internal parasites, however the strong effect of the trophic subsidy overrode any effects of altered loads upon condition. Conclusions and Significance: Proxy measures of fitness provided no evidence that salmon farms function as ecological traps for wild fish. We suggest fish farms may act as population sources for wild fish, provided they are protected from fishing while resident at farms to allow their increased condition to manifest as greater reproductive output. Funding was provided by the Norwegian Research Council Havet og kysten program to the CoastACE project (no: 173384). |
author2 |
Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada Biología Marina |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dempster, Tim Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo Fernandez-Jover, Damian Bayle-Sempere, Just T. Nilsen, Rune Bjørn, Pal-Arne Uglem, Ingebrigt |
author_facet |
Dempster, Tim Sanchez-Jerez, Pablo Fernandez-Jover, Damian Bayle-Sempere, Just T. Nilsen, Rune Bjørn, Pal-Arne Uglem, Ingebrigt |
author_sort |
Dempster, Tim |
title |
Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
title_short |
Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
title_full |
Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
title_fullStr |
Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
title_full_unstemmed |
Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
title_sort |
proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10045/16570 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 DEMPSTER, Tim, et al. “Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish”. PLoS ONE. Vol. 6, Issue 1 (Jan. 2011). ISSN 1932-6203, pp. e15646 [1-9] 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/10045/16570 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 |
op_rights |
© 2011 Dempster et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015646 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e15646 |
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1766358150043140096 |