Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska
Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2009 This dissertation focuses on the overwintering of three insects from Interior Alaska: a hemipteran, Elasmostethus interstinctus, and a coleopteran, Cucujus clavipes puniceus, that are freeze avoiding in the strict sense of the phrase, and a d...
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ftunivalaska:oai:scholarworks.alaska.edu:11122/9041 2023-05-15T15:13:43+02:00 Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska Sformo, Todd L. Barnes, Brian Duman, John Boyer, Berty Martinson, Tracey 2009 http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9041 unknown http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9041 Biology and Wildlife Dept. Zoology Entomology Dissertation phd 2009 ftunivalaska 2023-02-23T21:37:11Z Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2009 This dissertation focuses on the overwintering of three insects from Interior Alaska: a hemipteran, Elasmostethus interstinctus, and a coleopteran, Cucujus clavipes puniceus, that are freeze avoiding in the strict sense of the phrase, and a dipteran, Exechia nugatoria, that is simultaneously partially freeze avoiding and freeze tolerant. The variability within the freeze avoidance strategy itself is a key theme throughout this dissertation. Two significant contributions to comparative physiology are the confirmation of insect vitrification (glass formation) with its attendant extension of freeze avoidance and survival into a new, extreme low temperature record of -100�C and the simultaneous coupling of freeze avoidance and tolerance within an individual, which may more properly be described as a new overwintering strategy. Vitrification is the process by which ice crystallization is circumvented, resulting in a supercooled amorphous solid. Through a combination of antifreeze proteins that inhibit ice nucleation, dehydration tolerance, presence of high glycerol concentration, and low temperatures, the mobility of the remaining liquid water molecules is reduced, effectively by-passing the crystalline state. The second contribution is the discovery of a new overwintering strategy that combines freeze avoidance and freeze tolerance within an individual. In this case, the abdomen freezes (and the insect survives), while the contiguous head/thorax remains supercooled. These findings lead to the following evolutionary and trans-disciplinary questions. Is vitrification an adaptation? What is the selective advantage of compartmentalizing ice between body sections of an individual insect? Is this new overwintering strategy an example of a species transitioning between either becoming exclusively freeze avoiding or free tolerant? Applying new understanding of mechanisms of insect vitrification and avoidance of devitrification to cryomedicine may extend ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Subarctic Alaska University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA Arctic Fairbanks |
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Open Polar |
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University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA |
op_collection_id |
ftunivalaska |
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unknown |
topic |
Zoology Entomology |
spellingShingle |
Zoology Entomology Sformo, Todd L. Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
topic_facet |
Zoology Entomology |
description |
Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2009 This dissertation focuses on the overwintering of three insects from Interior Alaska: a hemipteran, Elasmostethus interstinctus, and a coleopteran, Cucujus clavipes puniceus, that are freeze avoiding in the strict sense of the phrase, and a dipteran, Exechia nugatoria, that is simultaneously partially freeze avoiding and freeze tolerant. The variability within the freeze avoidance strategy itself is a key theme throughout this dissertation. Two significant contributions to comparative physiology are the confirmation of insect vitrification (glass formation) with its attendant extension of freeze avoidance and survival into a new, extreme low temperature record of -100�C and the simultaneous coupling of freeze avoidance and tolerance within an individual, which may more properly be described as a new overwintering strategy. Vitrification is the process by which ice crystallization is circumvented, resulting in a supercooled amorphous solid. Through a combination of antifreeze proteins that inhibit ice nucleation, dehydration tolerance, presence of high glycerol concentration, and low temperatures, the mobility of the remaining liquid water molecules is reduced, effectively by-passing the crystalline state. The second contribution is the discovery of a new overwintering strategy that combines freeze avoidance and freeze tolerance within an individual. In this case, the abdomen freezes (and the insect survives), while the contiguous head/thorax remains supercooled. These findings lead to the following evolutionary and trans-disciplinary questions. Is vitrification an adaptation? What is the selective advantage of compartmentalizing ice between body sections of an individual insect? Is this new overwintering strategy an example of a species transitioning between either becoming exclusively freeze avoiding or free tolerant? Applying new understanding of mechanisms of insect vitrification and avoidance of devitrification to cryomedicine may extend ... |
author2 |
Barnes, Brian Duman, John Boyer, Berty Martinson, Tracey |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Sformo, Todd L. |
author_facet |
Sformo, Todd L. |
author_sort |
Sformo, Todd L. |
title |
Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
title_short |
Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
title_full |
Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
title_fullStr |
Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overwintering Physiology Of Arctic And Subarctic Insects From Interior Alaska |
title_sort |
overwintering physiology of arctic and subarctic insects from interior alaska |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9041 |
geographic |
Arctic Fairbanks |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Fairbanks |
genre |
Arctic Subarctic Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Subarctic Alaska |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9041 Biology and Wildlife Dept. |
_version_ |
1766344238553890816 |