Controls on zooplankton assemblages in the northeastern Chukchi Sea

• Main Author: Questel, Jennifer
• Other Authors: Hopcroft, Russell R., Bucklin, Ann C., Mathis, Jeremy T., Weingartner, Thomas J., Coyle, Kenneth O.
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Fairbanks; Gulf of Alaska; Pacific; Beaufort Sea; Chukchi; Climate change; Pacific Arctic; Phytoplankton; Zooplankton; Alaska; Copepods
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6852

Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2016 The Chukchi Sea is a broad and shallow marginal sea of the western Arctic Ocean that lies between the Bering Sea and the deeper Amerasian basin. It plays a pivotal role as the only gateway for transporting heat, carbon, nutrients, and plankton from the North Pacific into the Arctic Ocean. I examined the seasonal and inter-annual variability of the zooplankton communities in the northeastern region of the Chukchi Sea as part of a high-resolution multidisciplinary ecosystem study. Specifically, I examined how the physical onset of each open water season influenced the composition, abundance, and biomass of zooplankton assemblages from the 2008 to 2010 field seasons. Copepods in the genus Pseudocalanus are key members of the Chukchi community, and may be undergoing species-level biogeographic shift in response to climate change. I determined the degree of gene flow and population connectivity in the Chukchi Sea through comparative phylogeographic analysis of the Pseudocalanus species complex to the northern Gulf of Alaska and Beaufort Sea. I then investigated the extent to which biogeochemical factors influence these zooplankton assemblages by relating a portion of the seasonal production to concurrent changes in herbivorous mesozooplankton biomass during 2010 and 2011. This work demonstrates just how complex and variable marine ecosystems of the western Arctic are, where multidisciplinary and analytical approaches will become essential in detecting change, especially with the rate of present-day climate perturbations. Chapter 1: Seasonal and interannual variation in the planktonic communities of the northeastern Chukchi Sea during the summer and early fall -- Chapter 2: Phylogeography and connectivity of the Pseudocalanus (Copepoda: Calanoida) species complex in the eastern North Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Arctic Region -- Chapter 3: Community production in the northeastern Chukchi Sea and its relationship to phytoplankton and mesozooplankton ...