Temperatures, thermal fluxes and effusion rates associated with the growth of Bezymianny Volcano using spaceborne thermal infrared data

• Main Author: Steffke, Andrea Marie
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2005
• Subjects: Fairbanks; Kamchatka Peninsula; Kamchatka; Alaska
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6020

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2005 Bezymianny Volcano located on the Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia erupts one to two times annually. Often the eruption pattern follows the same cyclic process from slow growth to dome failure and collapse. These dome processes were analyzed during the Fall 2000 eruption using A VHRR, MODIS, ASTER and Landsat ETM + satellite data and field measurements using a Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR). These data have a range of resolutions which provide different levels of information which are compared in this thesis. The satellite data showed an increase in thermal flux up to the collapse of the dome and then a sharp decrease there after. Four phases of activity were identified during the Fall 2000 eruption period; precursory, low-level eruption, explosive eruption and the end of the eruption based on temperatures, thermal fluxes, effusion rates, visual and seismic observations. Integrating these different data sets and measurements provided a useful tool to predict future explosive eruption at Bezymianny Volcano. A comparison of thermal data between sensors with variable resolutions allows a better understanding of volcanic processes at lava domes which improves volcano monitoring and eruption predictions. Introduction -- Background -- Bezymianny volcano -- The November 1st 2000 eruption of Bezymianny -- Project data -- Satellite data -- Advanced very high resolution radiometer -- Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer -- Advanced spaceborne thermal emissions and reflection radiometer -- Landsat enhanced thematic mapper+ -- Field data -- Methodology -- Digital number to radiance -- Radiance to radiant temperature -- Thermal flux -- Effusion rates -- Field work -- Results -- Temperature results -- Thermal flux results -- Two-component thermal flux results -- Three-component thermal flux results -- Effusion rate results -- Field results -- Discussion -- Eruption phases of Bezymianny -- Thermal flux and effusion rates -- Sensor characteristics -- Field ...