Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves
Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2022 High latitude continental shelves are experiencing rapid environmental change. The Pacific Arctic, which includes the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea continental shelves, is undergoing warming temperatures, reductions in sea ice, and...
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ftunivalaska:oai:scholarworks.alaska.edu:11122/13008 2023-05-15T14:50:13+02:00 Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves Charrier, Brittany Robinson Mincks, Sarah Danielson, Seth Ingels, Jeroen Kelly, Amanda Thurber, Andrew 2022-04 http://hdl.handle.net/11122/13008 en_US eng http://hdl.handle.net/11122/13008 Department of Marine Biology Polychaeta Ecology Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Marine benthic ecology Benthic animals Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology Dissertation phd 2022 ftunivalaska 2023-02-23T21:38:02Z Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2022 High latitude continental shelves are experiencing rapid environmental change. The Pacific Arctic, which includes the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea continental shelves, is undergoing warming temperatures, reductions in sea ice, and changes to the marine ecosystem. Fieldwork was conducted across the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea continental shelves in June 2017 and June 2018 on the R/V Sikuliaq. The overall objective of this dissertation was to characterize benthic community structure, function, and carbon demand in the Pacific Arctic to serve as baselines for assessing impacts of environmental change. Spatial patterns of macrofauna and meiofauna were characterized, including abundances, biomass, composition, and vertical distribution within the sediment. Polychaete structure and function were assessed in detail by identifying polychaetes to family level and assigning each a functional guild based on feeding mode, motility, and feeding structures. Nematodes were identified to genus level and characterized by feeding type and life-history strategy. Clusters of polychaete functional guilds and nematode genera assemblages were similar and occupied different general regions within the Pacific Arctic: northern Bering Sea, Bering Strait, offshore Chukchi Sea, and coastal Chukchi Sea. These polychaete and nematode assemblages were associated with different depositional and food environments, characterized by grain size and the amount and quality of sediment organic matter. In addition, metabolic and carbon demand of dominant macrofaunal were estimated based on oxygen consumption rates. Species-specific rates suggest that shifts in macrofaunal community composition in the region will impact benthic carbon demand. Overall, the research presented here provides critical baseline data for benthic community structure, function, and carbon demand in the Pacific Arctic and can be used to evaluate change and constrain region-specific ecosystem ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Pacific Arctic Sea ice Alaska University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Sea Fairbanks Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA |
op_collection_id |
ftunivalaska |
language |
English |
topic |
Polychaeta Ecology Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Marine benthic ecology Benthic animals Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology |
spellingShingle |
Polychaeta Ecology Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Marine benthic ecology Benthic animals Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology Charrier, Brittany Robinson Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
topic_facet |
Polychaeta Ecology Bering Sea Chukchi Sea Marine benthic ecology Benthic animals Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Biology |
description |
Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2022 High latitude continental shelves are experiencing rapid environmental change. The Pacific Arctic, which includes the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea continental shelves, is undergoing warming temperatures, reductions in sea ice, and changes to the marine ecosystem. Fieldwork was conducted across the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea continental shelves in June 2017 and June 2018 on the R/V Sikuliaq. The overall objective of this dissertation was to characterize benthic community structure, function, and carbon demand in the Pacific Arctic to serve as baselines for assessing impacts of environmental change. Spatial patterns of macrofauna and meiofauna were characterized, including abundances, biomass, composition, and vertical distribution within the sediment. Polychaete structure and function were assessed in detail by identifying polychaetes to family level and assigning each a functional guild based on feeding mode, motility, and feeding structures. Nematodes were identified to genus level and characterized by feeding type and life-history strategy. Clusters of polychaete functional guilds and nematode genera assemblages were similar and occupied different general regions within the Pacific Arctic: northern Bering Sea, Bering Strait, offshore Chukchi Sea, and coastal Chukchi Sea. These polychaete and nematode assemblages were associated with different depositional and food environments, characterized by grain size and the amount and quality of sediment organic matter. In addition, metabolic and carbon demand of dominant macrofaunal were estimated based on oxygen consumption rates. Species-specific rates suggest that shifts in macrofaunal community composition in the region will impact benthic carbon demand. Overall, the research presented here provides critical baseline data for benthic community structure, function, and carbon demand in the Pacific Arctic and can be used to evaluate change and constrain region-specific ecosystem ... |
author2 |
Mincks, Sarah Danielson, Seth Ingels, Jeroen Kelly, Amanda Thurber, Andrew |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Charrier, Brittany Robinson |
author_facet |
Charrier, Brittany Robinson |
author_sort |
Charrier, Brittany Robinson |
title |
Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
title_short |
Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
title_full |
Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
title_fullStr |
Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Benthic carbon demand and community structure across the Pacific Arctic continental shelves |
title_sort |
benthic carbon demand and community structure across the pacific arctic continental shelves |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/13008 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Sea Fairbanks Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Sea Fairbanks Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Pacific Arctic Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Chukchi Chukchi Sea Pacific Arctic Sea ice Alaska |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/13008 Department of Marine Biology |
_version_ |
1766321262629486592 |