Organic matter sources on the Chukchi Sea shelf in a changing Arctic

• Main Author: Zinkann, Ann-Christine
• Other Authors: Iken, Katrin, Wooller, Matthew, Danielson, Seth, Leigh, Mary Beth, Gibson, Georgina
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: seawater; organic compound content; Chukchi Sea; benthic animals; marine benthic ecology; benthos; Arctic Ocean; Arctic; Fairbanks; Chukchi; Climate change; permafrost; Phytoplankton; Alaska
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11122/11304

Dissertation (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2020 Climate-change induced alterations of the organic matter flow from various primary production sources to the benthic system in the Arctic Chukchi Sea could have major implications on carbon cycling, sequestration, and benthic food web structure sustaining upper trophic levels. In particular, the role and contribution of terrestrial matter and bacterial matter could become more prominent, with increasing erosion and permafrost melt being discharged from land, and warming water temperatures raising bacterial metabolism. In this study, I used essential amino acid (EAA) specific stable isotope analysis to trace the proportional contributions of bacterial, phytoplankton, and terrestrial organic matter in sediments, as well as benthic invertebrates on the Chukchi Sea shelf. Across the upper 5 cm of sediments, most organic matter sources were equally distributed, except for a slight decrease with depth in phytoplankton EAA. Terrestrial sources contributed the majority of EAA (~76 %) in all sediment layers, suggesting a potential accumulation of this material due to slow degradation processes. These results indicate a well-mixed upper sediment horizon, possibly due to bioturbation activity by the abundant benthos. Experimental observations of increases in bacterial production, measured as phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) production, at water temperatures 5 °C above ambient (0 °C) and under sufficient substrate conditions suggest that bacterial organic matter in sediments could become a greater organic matter source in the sediments of a future, warmer Arctic. EAA source contribution to various benthic invertebrate feeding types (FT) were similar but showed significant differences among genera within the same FT, suggesting that feeding habits are more genus-specific rather than FT-specific. These differences were attributed to variations in other characteristics such as mobility, selectivity, and assimilation efficiency. Terrestrial EAA contributed high amounts ...