Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability
Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018 Worldwide invasion and range expansion of northern pike (pike; Esox lucius) have been linked to the decline of native fishes and new techniques are needed to assess the effects of invasion over broad geographic scales. In Alaska, pike are native nor...
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ftunivalaska:oai:scholarworks.alaska.edu:11122/10298 2023-05-15T17:59:41+02:00 Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability Jalbert, Chase S. Falke, Jeffrey Westley, Peter López, J. Andrés Dunker, Kristine 2018-12 http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10298 en eng http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10298 Department of Fisheries pike environment Southcentral Alaska genetics ecology salmonidae predators introduced fishes Thesis ms 2018 ftunivalaska 2023-02-23T21:37:27Z Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018 Worldwide invasion and range expansion of northern pike (pike; Esox lucius) have been linked to the decline of native fishes and new techniques are needed to assess the effects of invasion over broad geographic scales. In Alaska, pike are native north and west of the Alaska Mountain Range but were introduced into Southcentral Alaska in the 1950s and again in the 1970s. To investigate the history of the invasion into Southcentral Alaska, I identified 7,889 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three native and seven introduced populations in Alaska and examined genetic diversity, structure, and affinities of native and invasive pike. Pike exhibited low genetic variability in native populations (mean heterozygosity = 0.0360 and mean π = 0.000241) and further reductions in introduced populations (mean heterozygosity = 0.0227 and mean π = 0.000131), which suggests a bottleneck following introduction. Population differentiation was high among some populations (global FST = 0.424; max FST = 0.668) when compared to other freshwater fishes. I identified five genetically distinct clusters of populations, consisting of three native groups, a single Susitna River basin invasive group, and a Kenai Peninsula group, with little evidence of admixture among groups. The extremely reduced genetic diversity observed in invasive northern pike populations does not appear to affect their invasion success as the species range Southcentral Alaska continues to expand. To assess the vulnerability of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to the invasion, I combined intrinsic potential habitat modeling, connectivity estimates, and Bayesian networks across 22,875km of stream reaches in the Matanuska-Susitna basin, Alaska, USA. Pink salmon were the most vulnerable species, with 15.2% (2,458 km) of their range identified as "highly" vulnerable. They were followed closely by chum salmon (14.8%) and coho salmon (14.7%). Finally, analysis of the intersection of vulnerable ... Thesis Pink salmon Alaska University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA Fairbanks Pacific |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Alaska: ScholarWorks@UA |
op_collection_id |
ftunivalaska |
language |
English |
topic |
pike environment Southcentral Alaska genetics ecology salmonidae predators introduced fishes |
spellingShingle |
pike environment Southcentral Alaska genetics ecology salmonidae predators introduced fishes Jalbert, Chase S. Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
topic_facet |
pike environment Southcentral Alaska genetics ecology salmonidae predators introduced fishes |
description |
Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2018 Worldwide invasion and range expansion of northern pike (pike; Esox lucius) have been linked to the decline of native fishes and new techniques are needed to assess the effects of invasion over broad geographic scales. In Alaska, pike are native north and west of the Alaska Mountain Range but were introduced into Southcentral Alaska in the 1950s and again in the 1970s. To investigate the history of the invasion into Southcentral Alaska, I identified 7,889 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from three native and seven introduced populations in Alaska and examined genetic diversity, structure, and affinities of native and invasive pike. Pike exhibited low genetic variability in native populations (mean heterozygosity = 0.0360 and mean π = 0.000241) and further reductions in introduced populations (mean heterozygosity = 0.0227 and mean π = 0.000131), which suggests a bottleneck following introduction. Population differentiation was high among some populations (global FST = 0.424; max FST = 0.668) when compared to other freshwater fishes. I identified five genetically distinct clusters of populations, consisting of three native groups, a single Susitna River basin invasive group, and a Kenai Peninsula group, with little evidence of admixture among groups. The extremely reduced genetic diversity observed in invasive northern pike populations does not appear to affect their invasion success as the species range Southcentral Alaska continues to expand. To assess the vulnerability of five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) to the invasion, I combined intrinsic potential habitat modeling, connectivity estimates, and Bayesian networks across 22,875km of stream reaches in the Matanuska-Susitna basin, Alaska, USA. Pink salmon were the most vulnerable species, with 15.2% (2,458 km) of their range identified as "highly" vulnerable. They were followed closely by chum salmon (14.8%) and coho salmon (14.7%). Finally, analysis of the intersection of vulnerable ... |
author2 |
Falke, Jeffrey Westley, Peter López, J. Andrés Dunker, Kristine |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Jalbert, Chase S. |
author_facet |
Jalbert, Chase S. |
author_sort |
Jalbert, Chase S. |
title |
Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
title_short |
Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
title_full |
Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of a top predator (Esox lucius) on salmonids in Southcentral Alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
title_sort |
impacts of a top predator (esox lucius) on salmonids in southcentral alaska: genetics, connectivity, and vulnerability |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10298 |
geographic |
Fairbanks Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Fairbanks Pacific |
genre |
Pink salmon Alaska |
genre_facet |
Pink salmon Alaska |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/11122/10298 Department of Fisheries |
_version_ |
1766168535702175744 |