Contrasting phylogeographical patterns for springtails reflect different evolutionary histories between the Antarctic Peninsula and continental Antarctica

• Published in: Journal of Biogeography
• Main Authors: McGaughran, A., Torricelli, G., Carapelli, A., Frati, F., Stevens, M., Convey, P., Hogg, I.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Blackwell Science Ltd 2010
• Subjects: Antarctica; Collembola; Cryptopygus antarcticus antarcticus; demography; glaciation; Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni; population genetics; refugia; springtail; Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; antarcticus; Cryptopygus antarcticus; Victoria Land; Springtail
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/2440/66952; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02178.x

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim </jats:bold>We examined the genetic structure among populations and regions for the springtails<jats:italic>Cryptopygus antarcticus antarcticus</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni</jats:italic>(Collembola) to identify potential historical refugia and subsequent colonization routes, and to examine population growth/expansion and relative ages of population divergence.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Location </jats:bold>Antarctic Peninsula for<jats:italic>C. a. antarcticus</jats:italic>; Antarctic continent (southern Victoria Land) for<jats:italic>G. hodgsoni</jats:italic>.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods </jats:bold>Samples were collected from 24 and 28 locations across the Antarctic Peninsula and southern Victoria Land regions for<jats:italic>C. a. antarcticus</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>G. hodgsoni</jats:italic>, respectively. We used population genetic, demographic and nested clade analyses based on mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome<jats:italic>c</jats:italic>oxidase subunit I and subunit II).</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results </jats:bold>Both species were found to have population structures compatible with the presence of historical glacial refugia on Pleistocene (2 Ma–present) time‐scales, followed by post‐glacial expansion generating contemporary geographically isolated populations. However,<jats:italic>G. hodgsoni</jats:italic>populations were characterized by a fragmented pattern with several ‘phylogroups’ (likely ancestral haplotypes present in high frequency) retaining strong ancestral linkages among present‐day populations. Conversely,<jats:italic>C. a. antarcticus</jats:italic>had an excess of rare haplotypes with a much reduced volume of ancestral lineages, possibly indicating historical founder/bottleneck events and ...