Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar
Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), composed of both liquid and ice, are prevalent in Southern Ocean cyclones. A characterization of these clouds on fine vertical scales is required in order to understand the microphysical processes within these clouds, and for model and satellite evaluations over this regio...
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American Geophysical Union
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131485 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 |
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ftunivadelaidedl:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/131485 2023-12-17T10:20:56+01:00 Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar Mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64 degrees S by ship-based cloud radar and lidar Alexander, S.P. McFarquhar, G.M. Marchand, R. Protat, A. Vignon, É. Mace, G.G. Klekociuk, A.R. 2021 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131485 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 en eng American Geophysical Union Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2021; 126(8):1-20 2169-897X 2169-8996 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131485 doi:10.1029/2020jd033626 Klekociuk, A.R. [0000-0003-3335-0034] © 2021. Commonwealth of Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. © 2021. American Geophysical Union http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 Journal article 2021 ftunivadelaidedl https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 2023-11-20T23:17:05Z Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), composed of both liquid and ice, are prevalent in Southern Ocean cyclones. A characterization of these clouds on fine vertical scales is required in order to understand the microphysical processes within these clouds, and for model and satellite evaluations over this region. We investigated three examples of cloud systems collected by ship-mounted remote-sensing instruments adjacent to East Antarctica at latitudes between 64°S and 69°S. These cases allow us to examine the properties of midlevel MPCs, with cloud tops between 2 and 6 km. Midlevel MPCs contain multiple layers of supercooled liquid water (SLW) embedded within ice during the passage of cyclones. SLW layers are capped by strong temperature inversions and are observed at temperatures as low as −31°C. Convective generating cells (GCs) are present inside supercooled liquid-topped midlevel MPCs. The horizontal extent, vertical extent, and maximum upward Doppler velocity of these GCs were 0.6–3.6 km, 0.7–1.0 km, and 0.5–1.0 m s−1, respectively, and are consistent with observations from previous lower-latitude studies. Ice precipitation is nearly ubiquitous, except in the thinnest clouds at the trailing end of the observed systems. Seeding of lower SLW layers from above leads to periods with either larger ice particles or greater ice precipitation rates. Periods of supercooled drizzle lasting up to 2 h were observed toward the end of two of the three cyclone systems. This supercooled drizzle turns into predominantly ice precipitation as the result of seeding by ice clouds located above the precipitating SLW layer. S. P. Alexander, G. M. McFarquhar, R. Marchand, A. Protat, É. Vignon, G. G. Mace and A. R. Klekociuk Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Southern Ocean The University of Adelaide: Digital Library East Antarctica Mace ENVELOPE(155.883,155.883,-81.417,-81.417) Southern Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
The University of Adelaide: Digital Library |
op_collection_id |
ftunivadelaidedl |
language |
English |
description |
Mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), composed of both liquid and ice, are prevalent in Southern Ocean cyclones. A characterization of these clouds on fine vertical scales is required in order to understand the microphysical processes within these clouds, and for model and satellite evaluations over this region. We investigated three examples of cloud systems collected by ship-mounted remote-sensing instruments adjacent to East Antarctica at latitudes between 64°S and 69°S. These cases allow us to examine the properties of midlevel MPCs, with cloud tops between 2 and 6 km. Midlevel MPCs contain multiple layers of supercooled liquid water (SLW) embedded within ice during the passage of cyclones. SLW layers are capped by strong temperature inversions and are observed at temperatures as low as −31°C. Convective generating cells (GCs) are present inside supercooled liquid-topped midlevel MPCs. The horizontal extent, vertical extent, and maximum upward Doppler velocity of these GCs were 0.6–3.6 km, 0.7–1.0 km, and 0.5–1.0 m s−1, respectively, and are consistent with observations from previous lower-latitude studies. Ice precipitation is nearly ubiquitous, except in the thinnest clouds at the trailing end of the observed systems. Seeding of lower SLW layers from above leads to periods with either larger ice particles or greater ice precipitation rates. Periods of supercooled drizzle lasting up to 2 h were observed toward the end of two of the three cyclone systems. This supercooled drizzle turns into predominantly ice precipitation as the result of seeding by ice clouds located above the precipitating SLW layer. S. P. Alexander, G. M. McFarquhar, R. Marchand, A. Protat, É. Vignon, G. G. Mace and A. R. Klekociuk |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alexander, S.P. McFarquhar, G.M. Marchand, R. Protat, A. Vignon, É. Mace, G.G. Klekociuk, A.R. |
spellingShingle |
Alexander, S.P. McFarquhar, G.M. Marchand, R. Protat, A. Vignon, É. Mace, G.G. Klekociuk, A.R. Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
author_facet |
Alexander, S.P. McFarquhar, G.M. Marchand, R. Protat, A. Vignon, É. Mace, G.G. Klekociuk, A.R. |
author_sort |
Alexander, S.P. |
title |
Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
title_short |
Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
title_full |
Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
title_fullStr |
Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in Southern Ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°S by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
title_sort |
mixed‐phase clouds and precipitation in southern ocean cyclones and cloud systems observed poleward of 64°s by ship‐based cloud radar and lidar |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131485 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(155.883,155.883,-81.417,-81.417) |
geographic |
East Antarctica Mace Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
East Antarctica Mace Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica East Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_source |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 |
op_relation |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2021; 126(8):1-20 2169-897X 2169-8996 http://hdl.handle.net/2440/131485 doi:10.1029/2020jd033626 Klekociuk, A.R. [0000-0003-3335-0034] |
op_rights |
© 2021. Commonwealth of Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. © 2021. American Geophysical Union |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033626 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |
container_volume |
126 |
container_issue |
8 |
_version_ |
1785527756992282624 |