Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry
In a balanced ecological system, both host and nematode parasite populations are firmly controlled by a complex array of interacting factors. However domestication of livestock has tipped the balance in favour of the parasites. This is due to increasing the proportion of susceptible animals in the h...
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2005
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Online Access: | https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.336 |
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ftunitroemsoe:oai:ojs.henry.ub.uit.no:article/336 2023-05-15T18:03:54+02:00 Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry Waller, Peter J. 2005-04-01 application/pdf https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.336 eng eng Septentrio Academic Publishing https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336/328 https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336 doi:10.7557/2.25.1.336 Copyright (c) 2015 Peter J. Waller http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC-BY Rangifer; Årg 25 Nr 1 (2005); 39-50 Rangifer; Vol 25 No 1 (2005); 39-50 1890-6729 domestication losses nematodes parasites reindeer industry info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2005 ftunitroemsoe https://doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.336 2021-08-16T14:20:42Z In a balanced ecological system, both host and nematode parasite populations are firmly controlled by a complex array of interacting factors. However domestication of livestock has tipped the balance in favour of the parasites. This is due to increasing the proportion of susceptible animals in the herd or flock (lactating females and weaned young animals), increasing stocking rate, increasing productivity demands and decreasing the movement of the animals. In contrast with microbial infections, where multiplication takes place entirely within the host, metazoan parasites have both a parasitic phase and a free-living phase. Every worm present has been separately acquired by the ingestion of free-living stages on pasture. Immunity to nematodes develops slowly, it is labile, and its maintenance is dependent upon a good nutritional state of the animal. Consequently, worm parasites are ubiquitous wherever livestock are kept and they impose a constant and often a high infectious pressure on grazing animals. Nematode infections in grazing livestock are almost always a mixture of species. All have deleterious effects and collectively lead to chronic ill thrift. Economic evaluations repeatedly show that the major losses due to parasites are on animal production, rather than on mortality. This paper focuses on the problems of nematode parasites; problems associated with drug use (anthelmintic resistance, environmental impact) and costs of nematode infections for the common ruminant livestock industries (cattle, sheep, goats), with possible analogies for the semi-domesticated reindeer industry. Article in Journal/Newspaper Rangifer University of Tromsø: Septentrio Academic Publishing Rangifer 25 1 39 50 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Septentrio Academic Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftunitroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
domestication losses nematodes parasites reindeer industry |
spellingShingle |
domestication losses nematodes parasites reindeer industry Waller, Peter J. Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
topic_facet |
domestication losses nematodes parasites reindeer industry |
description |
In a balanced ecological system, both host and nematode parasite populations are firmly controlled by a complex array of interacting factors. However domestication of livestock has tipped the balance in favour of the parasites. This is due to increasing the proportion of susceptible animals in the herd or flock (lactating females and weaned young animals), increasing stocking rate, increasing productivity demands and decreasing the movement of the animals. In contrast with microbial infections, where multiplication takes place entirely within the host, metazoan parasites have both a parasitic phase and a free-living phase. Every worm present has been separately acquired by the ingestion of free-living stages on pasture. Immunity to nematodes develops slowly, it is labile, and its maintenance is dependent upon a good nutritional state of the animal. Consequently, worm parasites are ubiquitous wherever livestock are kept and they impose a constant and often a high infectious pressure on grazing animals. Nematode infections in grazing livestock are almost always a mixture of species. All have deleterious effects and collectively lead to chronic ill thrift. Economic evaluations repeatedly show that the major losses due to parasites are on animal production, rather than on mortality. This paper focuses on the problems of nematode parasites; problems associated with drug use (anthelmintic resistance, environmental impact) and costs of nematode infections for the common ruminant livestock industries (cattle, sheep, goats), with possible analogies for the semi-domesticated reindeer industry. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Waller, Peter J. |
author_facet |
Waller, Peter J. |
author_sort |
Waller, Peter J. |
title |
Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
title_short |
Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
title_full |
Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
title_fullStr |
Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
title_sort |
domestication of ruminant livestock and the impact of nematode parasites:possible implications for the reindeer industry |
publisher |
Septentrio Academic Publishing |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.336 |
genre |
Rangifer |
genre_facet |
Rangifer |
op_source |
Rangifer; Årg 25 Nr 1 (2005); 39-50 Rangifer; Vol 25 No 1 (2005); 39-50 1890-6729 |
op_relation |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336/328 https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/336 doi:10.7557/2.25.1.336 |
op_rights |
Copyright (c) 2015 Peter J. Waller http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.25.1.336 |
container_title |
Rangifer |
container_volume |
25 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
39 |
op_container_end_page |
50 |
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1766174970718715904 |