Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes
The objective of the study was to examine response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) in Finland and Norway to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes in 5 areas and in 15 reindeer herding cooperatives during d...
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Language: | English |
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Septentrio Academic Publishing
2013
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Online Access: | https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614 |
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ftunitroemsoe:oai:ojs.henry.ub.uit.no:article/2614 2023-05-15T16:13:47+02:00 Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes Nieminen, Mauri 2013-09-01 application/pdf https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614 eng eng Septentrio Academic Publishing https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614/2883 https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614 doi:10.7557/2.33.1.2614 Copyright (c) 2015 Mauri Nieminen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC-BY Rangifer; Årg 33 Nr 1 (2013); 1-15 Rangifer; Vol 33 No 1 (2013); 1-15 1890-6729 human disturbance response behaviour flight distance Rangifer tarandus wild forest reindeer semi-domestic reindeer seasons supplementary feeding info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2013 ftunitroemsoe https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614 2021-08-16T15:13:55Z The objective of the study was to examine response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) in Finland and Norway to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes in 5 areas and in 15 reindeer herding cooperatives during different seasons in 2010-12. There were no significant differences in mean herd size or in sight, alert, flight and closest response distances of wild forest reindeer in the Kuhmo and Suomenselkä areas. The encounter distance in wild forest reindeer was significantly (P< 0.005) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland and in Finnmark, Norway, and it increased with the group size. The sight and the alert distances in wild forest reindeer were significantly (P< 0.001) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer. In addition, the flight distance for wild forest reindeer (mean 192 m) was significantly (P< 0.001) and almost three times longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland (mean 68 m). The closest mean distance was in wild forest reindeer 191m (range 100-320 m) but only 44 m (range 2-110 m) in semi-domestic reindeer (P< 0.001). The sight, alert, flight and closest response distances were slightly longer in Norwegian than in Finnish semi-domestic reindeer. However, these distances were significantly (P<0.005) longer in Pohjois-Salla (no supplementary feeding) than in other Finnish reindeer herding cooperatives and at the Kaamanen experimental station. The mean flight distance of reindeer in Pohjois-Salla was 115 m but only 65 m in other cooperatives (P< 0.001). The closest distance of semi-domestic reindeer in Pohjois-Salla (mean 105 m) was more than 2.5 times longer than in other reindeer herding cooperatives (mean 40 m). The mean sight, alert and flight distances in wild forest reindeer in autumn and winter were significantly longer (P<0.005) than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland. However, during summer these distances in wild forest reindeer herds with young calves were significantly longer (P<0.005). The mean herd size of Finnish semi-domestic reindeer was almost the same in different seasons, but in wild forest reindeer it was slightly bigger during winter and spring and smaller during summer and autumn, only 7-23 reindeer. The mean encounter and sight distances in semi-domestic reindeer were significantly longer (P<0.005) in winter, but the mean alert and flight distances were almost the same in winter and summer and slightly longer than during other seasons. The results suggest that the supplementary feeding practice during winter may likely cause a reduction in flight distances in semi-domestic reindeer. Article in Journal/Newspaper Finnmark Kaamanen Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Finnmark University of Tromsø: Septentrio Academic Publishing Kaamanen ENVELOPE(27.000,27.000,69.050,69.050) Norway Salla ENVELOPE(28.667,28.667,66.833,66.833) Rangifer 33 1 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Tromsø: Septentrio Academic Publishing |
op_collection_id |
ftunitroemsoe |
language |
English |
topic |
human disturbance response behaviour flight distance Rangifer tarandus wild forest reindeer semi-domestic reindeer seasons supplementary feeding |
spellingShingle |
human disturbance response behaviour flight distance Rangifer tarandus wild forest reindeer semi-domestic reindeer seasons supplementary feeding Nieminen, Mauri Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
topic_facet |
human disturbance response behaviour flight distance Rangifer tarandus wild forest reindeer semi-domestic reindeer seasons supplementary feeding |
description |
The objective of the study was to examine response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) in Finland and Norway to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes in 5 areas and in 15 reindeer herding cooperatives during different seasons in 2010-12. There were no significant differences in mean herd size or in sight, alert, flight and closest response distances of wild forest reindeer in the Kuhmo and Suomenselkä areas. The encounter distance in wild forest reindeer was significantly (P< 0.005) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland and in Finnmark, Norway, and it increased with the group size. The sight and the alert distances in wild forest reindeer were significantly (P< 0.001) longer than in semi-domestic reindeer. In addition, the flight distance for wild forest reindeer (mean 192 m) was significantly (P< 0.001) and almost three times longer than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland (mean 68 m). The closest mean distance was in wild forest reindeer 191m (range 100-320 m) but only 44 m (range 2-110 m) in semi-domestic reindeer (P< 0.001). The sight, alert, flight and closest response distances were slightly longer in Norwegian than in Finnish semi-domestic reindeer. However, these distances were significantly (P<0.005) longer in Pohjois-Salla (no supplementary feeding) than in other Finnish reindeer herding cooperatives and at the Kaamanen experimental station. The mean flight distance of reindeer in Pohjois-Salla was 115 m but only 65 m in other cooperatives (P< 0.001). The closest distance of semi-domestic reindeer in Pohjois-Salla (mean 105 m) was more than 2.5 times longer than in other reindeer herding cooperatives (mean 40 m). The mean sight, alert and flight distances in wild forest reindeer in autumn and winter were significantly longer (P<0.005) than in semi-domestic reindeer in Finland. However, during summer these distances in wild forest reindeer herds with young calves were significantly longer (P<0.005). The mean herd size of Finnish semi-domestic reindeer was almost the same in different seasons, but in wild forest reindeer it was slightly bigger during winter and spring and smaller during summer and autumn, only 7-23 reindeer. The mean encounter and sight distances in semi-domestic reindeer were significantly longer (P<0.005) in winter, but the mean alert and flight distances were almost the same in winter and summer and slightly longer than during other seasons. The results suggest that the supplementary feeding practice during winter may likely cause a reduction in flight distances in semi-domestic reindeer. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nieminen, Mauri |
author_facet |
Nieminen, Mauri |
author_sort |
Nieminen, Mauri |
title |
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
title_short |
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
title_full |
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
title_fullStr |
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Response distances of wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus Lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (R. t. tarandus L.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
title_sort |
response distances of wild forest reindeer (rangifer tarandus fennicus lönnb.) and semi-domestic reindeer (r. t. tarandus l.) to direct provocation by a human on foot/snowshoes |
publisher |
Septentrio Academic Publishing |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614 https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(27.000,27.000,69.050,69.050) ENVELOPE(28.667,28.667,66.833,66.833) |
geographic |
Kaamanen Norway Salla |
geographic_facet |
Kaamanen Norway Salla |
genre |
Finnmark Kaamanen Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Finnmark |
genre_facet |
Finnmark Kaamanen Rangifer Rangifer tarandus Finnmark |
op_source |
Rangifer; Årg 33 Nr 1 (2013); 1-15 Rangifer; Vol 33 No 1 (2013); 1-15 1890-6729 |
op_relation |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614/2883 https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/2614 doi:10.7557/2.33.1.2614 |
op_rights |
Copyright (c) 2015 Mauri Nieminen http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.33.1.2614 |
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Rangifer |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
1 |
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1765999636589314048 |