Paleo and present oceanic modelling of the Ross Sea (Antarctica): evolution of water masses and ice shelf – ocean interactions during the last glacial cycle (21-0 ka)

• Main Author: POCHINI, ENRICO
• Other Authors: Pochini, Enrico, FORTE, Emanuele
• Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
• Language: Italian
• Published: Università degli Studi di Trieste 2022
• Subjects: ocean modelling; basal melting; paleoceanography; paleoclimate; glaciology; Settore GEO/12 - Oceanografia e Fisica dell'Atmosfera; Amundsen Sea; Antarctic; Ross Sea; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/11368/3030770

In this work, we want to investigate the influences of water masses on the basal melting under the RIS at present and in the past. In particular, the research aimed at understanding the influences of Ross Sea water masses variability on the RIS basal melting both at present and in the past. A regional adaptation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) was implemented on the Ross Sea to simulate ocean circulation on the continental shelf and under the RIS. A present-day transient run, forced by ocean (GLORYS12V1) and atmospheric (ERA5) reanalysis over the period 1993-2018, shows that: [1] simulated water masses present different timescales of variability in their properties: Circumpolar Deep Water and Antarctic Surface Waters show a strong seasonal cycle, modulated by strong interannual variability. High Salinity Shelf Water and Low Salinity Shelf Water, on the other hand, show a weaker seasonal cycle and a decadal oscillation in their salinity. Variability of CDW and AASW is probably related to wind variability associated with the Southern Annular Mode, the Amundsen Sea Low, and El-Niño Southern Oscillation, mediated by sea ice. Variability of HSSW and LSSW is probably related to variability of the sea ice and meltwater input, and katabatic wind strength, in turn associated with the Polar Cell. The same variability is observed for the water masses beneath the RIS. [2] Basal melting presents a distinct pattern, related to the current at draft level, and variability related to the changing water masses properties. A new method based on mixing of water masses was developed to disentangle the effect of mixing, and highlight the melting variability associated to each water mass. Results show basal melting of ∼78 Gt/yr, in line with the observations, and presenting variability at the seasonal, interannual and decadal scale indicative of changing water masses properties or volume expansion inside the cavity. Then, we run 21 snapshots at intervals of 1000 years, over the Last ...