The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey
We present first results on the cooling properties derived from Chandra X-ray observations of 83 high-redshift (0.3 < 1.2) massive galaxy clusters selected by their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signature in the South Pole Telescope data. We measure each cluster’s central cooling time, central entropy, and...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2013
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963131 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/774/1/23/pdf/0004-637X_774_1_23.pdf |
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ftunitriestiris:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2963131 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Università degli studi di Trieste: ArTS (Archivio della ricerca di Trieste) |
op_collection_id |
ftunitriestiris |
language |
English |
topic |
early universe galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium X-rays: galaxies: cluster Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science |
spellingShingle |
early universe galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium X-rays: galaxies: cluster Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Šuhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
topic_facet |
early universe galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium X-rays: galaxies: cluster Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science |
description |
We present first results on the cooling properties derived from Chandra X-ray observations of 83 high-redshift (0.3 < 1.2) massive galaxy clusters selected by their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signature in the South Pole Telescope data. We measure each cluster’s central cooling time, central entropy, and mass deposition rate, and compare these properties to those for local cluster samples. We find no significant evolution from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 1 in the distribution of these properties, suggesting that cooling in cluster cores is stable over long periods of time. We also find that the average cool core entropy profile in the inner ∼100 kpc has not changed dramatically since z ∼ 1, implying that feedback must be providing nearly constant energy injection to maintain the observed “entropy floor” at ∼10 keV cm2. While the cooling properties appear roughly constant over long periods of time, we observe strong evolution in the gas density profile, with the normalized central density (ρg,0/ρcrit) increasing by an order of magnitude from z ∼ 1 to z ∼ 0. When using metrics defined by the inner surface brightness profile of clusters, we find an apparent lack of classical, cuspy, cool-core clusters at z > 0.75, consistent with earlier reports for clusters at z > 0.5 using similar definitions. Our measurements indicate that cool cores have been steadily growing over the 8 Gyr spanned by our sample, consistent with a constant, ∼150 M yr−1 cooling flow that is unable to cool below entropies of 10 keV cm2 and, instead, accumulates in the cluster center. We estimate that cool cores began to assemble in these massive systems at zcool = 1.0+1.0 −0.2, which represents the first constraints on the onset of cooling in galaxy cluster cores. At high redshift (z 0.75), galaxy clusters may be classified as “cooling flows” (low central entropy, cooling time) but not “cool cores” (cuspy surface brightness profile), meaning that care must be taken when classifying these high-z systems. We investigate several potential biases that could ... |
author2 |
Mcdonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. Mcmahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Šuhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. |
author_facet |
McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Šuhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. |
author_sort |
McDonald, M. |
title |
The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
title_short |
The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
title_full |
The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
title_fullStr |
The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
title_full_unstemmed |
The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey |
title_sort |
growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the spt-sz survey |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963131 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/774/1/23/pdf/0004-637X_774_1_23.pdf |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000323426700023 volume:774 issue:1 firstpage:23 lastpage:- journal:THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963131 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84883126475 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/774/1/23/pdf/0004-637X_774_1_23.pdf |
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https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 |
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The Astrophysical Journal |
container_volume |
774 |
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container_start_page |
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ftunitriestiris:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2963131 2023-05-15T18:23:23+02:00 The growth of cool cores and evolution of cooling properties in a sample of 83 galaxy clusters at 0.3 < z < 1.2 selected from the SPT-SZ survey McDonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Nurgaliev, D. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Šuhada, R. Spieler, H. G. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. Mcdonald, M. Benson, B. A. Vikhlinin, A. Stalder, B. Bleem, L. E. De Haan, T. Lin, H. W. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. W. Bayliss, M. Bocquet, S. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. Forman, W. R. George, E. M. Gettings, D. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. Mcmahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Miller, E. D. Mocanu, L. 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963131 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/774/1/23/pdf/0004-637X_774_1_23.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000323426700023 volume:774 issue:1 firstpage:23 lastpage:- journal:THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963131 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-84883126475 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/774/1/23/pdf/0004-637X_774_1_23.pdf early universe galaxies: clusters: general galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium X-rays: galaxies: cluster Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2013 ftunitriestiris https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/1/23 2023-04-09T06:18:14Z We present first results on the cooling properties derived from Chandra X-ray observations of 83 high-redshift (0.3 < 1.2) massive galaxy clusters selected by their Sunyaev–Zel’dovich signature in the South Pole Telescope data. We measure each cluster’s central cooling time, central entropy, and mass deposition rate, and compare these properties to those for local cluster samples. We find no significant evolution from z ∼ 0 to z ∼ 1 in the distribution of these properties, suggesting that cooling in cluster cores is stable over long periods of time. We also find that the average cool core entropy profile in the inner ∼100 kpc has not changed dramatically since z ∼ 1, implying that feedback must be providing nearly constant energy injection to maintain the observed “entropy floor” at ∼10 keV cm2. While the cooling properties appear roughly constant over long periods of time, we observe strong evolution in the gas density profile, with the normalized central density (ρg,0/ρcrit) increasing by an order of magnitude from z ∼ 1 to z ∼ 0. When using metrics defined by the inner surface brightness profile of clusters, we find an apparent lack of classical, cuspy, cool-core clusters at z > 0.75, consistent with earlier reports for clusters at z > 0.5 using similar definitions. Our measurements indicate that cool cores have been steadily growing over the 8 Gyr spanned by our sample, consistent with a constant, ∼150 M yr−1 cooling flow that is unable to cool below entropies of 10 keV cm2 and, instead, accumulates in the cluster center. We estimate that cool cores began to assemble in these massive systems at zcool = 1.0+1.0 −0.2, which represents the first constraints on the onset of cooling in galaxy cluster cores. At high redshift (z 0.75), galaxy clusters may be classified as “cooling flows” (low central entropy, cooling time) but not “cool cores” (cuspy surface brightness profile), meaning that care must be taken when classifying these high-z systems. We investigate several potential biases that could ... Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Università degli studi di Trieste: ArTS (Archivio della ricerca di Trieste) South Pole The Astrophysical Journal 774 1 23 |