Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1
Using the South Pole Telescope (SPT), we have discovered the most massive known galaxy cluster at z > 1, SPT-CL J2106-5844. In addition to producing a strong Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal, this system is a luminous X-ray source and its numerous constituent galaxies display spatial and col...
Published in: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2011
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963119 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/86/pdf/0004-637X_731_2_86.pdf |
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ftunitriestiris:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2963119 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Università degli studi di Trieste: ArTS (Archivio della ricerca di Trieste) |
op_collection_id |
ftunitriestiris |
language |
English |
topic |
early universe galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2106-5844) galaxies: evolution galaxies: formation large-scale structure of universe Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science |
spellingShingle |
early universe galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2106-5844) galaxies: evolution galaxies: formation large-scale structure of universe Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zenteno, A. Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
topic_facet |
early universe galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2106-5844) galaxies: evolution galaxies: formation large-scale structure of universe Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science |
description |
Using the South Pole Telescope (SPT), we have discovered the most massive known galaxy cluster at z > 1, SPT-CL J2106-5844. In addition to producing a strong Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal, this system is a luminous X-ray source and its numerous constituent galaxies display spatial and color clustering, all indicating the presence of a massive galaxy cluster. Very Large Telescope and Magellan spectroscopy of 18 member galaxies shows that the cluster is at z = 1.132+0.002 −0.003. Chandra observations obtained through a combined HRC-ACIS GTO program reveal an X-ray spectrum with an Fe K line redshifted by z = 1.18 ± 0.03. These redshifts are consistent with the galaxy colors found in optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared imaging. SPT-CL J2106-5844 displays extreme X-ray properties for a cluster having a core-excluded temperature of TX = 11.0+2.6 −1.9 keV and a luminosity (within r500) of LX(0.5–2.0 keV) = (13.9±1.0)×1044 erg s−1. The combined mass estimate from measurements of the SZ effect and X-ray data is M200 = (1.27±0.21)×1015 h−1 70 M. The discovery of such a massive gravitationally collapsed system at high redshift provides an interesting laboratory for galaxy formation and evolution, and is a probe of extreme perturbations of the primordial matter density field. We discuss the latter, determining that, under the assumption of ΛCDM cosmology with only Gaussian perturbations, there is only a 7% chance of finding a galaxy cluster similar to SPT-CL J2106-5844 in the 2500 deg2 SPT survey region and that only one such galaxy cluster is expected in the entire sky. |
author2 |
Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. Mcmahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zenteno, A. |
author_facet |
Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zenteno, A. |
author_sort |
Foley, R. J. |
title |
Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
title_short |
Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
title_full |
Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
title_fullStr |
Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
title_sort |
discovery and cosmological implications of spt-cl j2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963119 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/86/pdf/0004-637X_731_2_86.pdf |
geographic |
South Pole |
geographic_facet |
South Pole |
genre |
South pole |
genre_facet |
South pole |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000289779600009 volume:731 issue:2 firstpage:86 lastpage:- journal:THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963119 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-79954990308 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/86/pdf/0004-637X_731_2_86.pdf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 |
container_title |
The Astrophysical Journal |
container_volume |
731 |
container_issue |
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container_start_page |
86 |
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1766202853472337920 |
spelling |
ftunitriestiris:oai:arts.units.it:11368/2963119 2023-05-15T18:23:18+02:00 Discovery and cosmological implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the most massive known cluster at z>1 Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Stanford, S. A. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zenteno, A. Foley, R. J. Andersson, K. Bazin, G. De Haan, T. Ruel, J. Ade, P. A. R. Aird, K. A. Armstrong, R. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Bonamente, M. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Fazio, G. G. Forman, W. R. Garmire, G. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Marrone, D. P. Mcmahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Padin, S. 2011 http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963119 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/86/pdf/0004-637X_731_2_86.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000289779600009 volume:731 issue:2 firstpage:86 lastpage:- journal:THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2963119 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-79954990308 http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/731/2/86/pdf/0004-637X_731_2_86.pdf early universe galaxies: clusters: individual (SPT-CL J2106-5844) galaxies: evolution galaxies: formation large-scale structure of universe Astronomy and Astrophysic Space and Planetary Science info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2011 ftunitriestiris https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/2/86 2023-04-09T06:18:13Z Using the South Pole Telescope (SPT), we have discovered the most massive known galaxy cluster at z > 1, SPT-CL J2106-5844. In addition to producing a strong Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signal, this system is a luminous X-ray source and its numerous constituent galaxies display spatial and color clustering, all indicating the presence of a massive galaxy cluster. Very Large Telescope and Magellan spectroscopy of 18 member galaxies shows that the cluster is at z = 1.132+0.002 −0.003. Chandra observations obtained through a combined HRC-ACIS GTO program reveal an X-ray spectrum with an Fe K line redshifted by z = 1.18 ± 0.03. These redshifts are consistent with the galaxy colors found in optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared imaging. SPT-CL J2106-5844 displays extreme X-ray properties for a cluster having a core-excluded temperature of TX = 11.0+2.6 −1.9 keV and a luminosity (within r500) of LX(0.5–2.0 keV) = (13.9±1.0)×1044 erg s−1. The combined mass estimate from measurements of the SZ effect and X-ray data is M200 = (1.27±0.21)×1015 h−1 70 M. The discovery of such a massive gravitationally collapsed system at high redshift provides an interesting laboratory for galaxy formation and evolution, and is a probe of extreme perturbations of the primordial matter density field. We discuss the latter, determining that, under the assumption of ΛCDM cosmology with only Gaussian perturbations, there is only a 7% chance of finding a galaxy cluster similar to SPT-CL J2106-5844 in the 2500 deg2 SPT survey region and that only one such galaxy cluster is expected in the entire sky. Article in Journal/Newspaper South pole Università degli studi di Trieste: ArTS (Archivio della ricerca di Trieste) South Pole The Astrophysical Journal 731 2 86 |