Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality
This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a tw...
Published in: | Journal of Economic Psychology |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/161011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 |
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ftunistlouisbrus:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:161011 2024-05-12T08:05:52+00:00 Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel Van der Zwan, Peter UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics 2012 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/161011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 unknown Elsevier BV boreal:161011 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/161011 doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 urn:EISSN:1872-7719 urn:ISSN:0167-4870 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 33, no. 2, p. 325-341 (2012) info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2012 ftunistlouisbrus https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 2024-04-18T17:49:15Z This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women's lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland DIAL@USL-B (Université Saint-Louis, Bruxelles) Norway Journal of Economic Psychology 33 2 325 341 |
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DIAL@USL-B (Université Saint-Louis, Bruxelles) |
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description |
This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women's lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. |
author2 |
UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel Van der Zwan, Peter |
spellingShingle |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel Van der Zwan, Peter Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
author_facet |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel Van der Zwan, Peter |
author_sort |
Verheul, Ingrid |
title |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_short |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_full |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_fullStr |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_sort |
explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
publisher |
Elsevier BV |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/161011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 33, no. 2, p. 325-341 (2012) |
op_relation |
boreal:161011 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/161011 doi:10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 urn:EISSN:1872-7719 urn:ISSN:0167-4870 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 |
container_title |
Journal of Economic Psychology |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
325 |
op_container_end_page |
341 |
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1798848256090832896 |