DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas
Despite its inhospitable conditions, the Southern Ocean is characterized by a surprisingly high biodiversity. Its long-term geographic and thermal isolation produced a diverse and partly endemic benthic fauna. The deep sea also represents an extreme environment where benthic fauna appeared to be muc...
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ftunistlouisbrus:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:120893 2024-05-12T07:54:58+00:00 DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas Havermans, Charlotte UCL - SST/ELI/ELI - Earth and Life Institute Mallefet, Jérôme Martin, Patrick Van Dyck, Hans Arntz, Wolf Backeljau, Thierry De Broyer, Claude Hance, Thierry Nieberding, Caroline 2012 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/120893 eng eng boreal:120893 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/120893 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess DNA barcoding Phylogeny Phylogeography Systematics Amphipoda Southern Ocean Deep sea info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis 2012 ftunistlouisbrus 2024-04-18T18:02:39Z Despite its inhospitable conditions, the Southern Ocean is characterized by a surprisingly high biodiversity. Its long-term geographic and thermal isolation produced a diverse and partly endemic benthic fauna. The deep sea also represents an extreme environment where benthic fauna appeared to be much more diverse than suspected. Evolutionary links exist between the Antarctic fauna and that of the world’s deep seas, implying colonisation events between both environments. Unique environmental characteristics generated some assumptions on faunal distributions: circumpolar, eurybathic Antarctic species and cosmopolitan, eurybathic species in the deep sea. Using lysianassoid amphipods as a model group, the aims of this thesis were to investigate, by means of molecular tools, (i) the origin of the biodiversity in the Southern Ocean, (ii) the evolutionary relationships between the faunas of the Southern Ocean and the deep sea and (iii) species richness and distributions in both environments. Phylogenetic analyses revealed incongruence between molecular phylogenies and morphology-based classification and gave an indication of colonisations between the Southern Ocean and the Atlantic deep sea. With DNA barcoding and phylogeographic methods, formerly accepted paradigms of circumpolarity, eurybathy and cosmopolitism were tested. In Antarctic lysianassoids, cryptic species as well as truly circum-Antarctic and eurybathic species were revealed. In the deep sea, we found a cosmopolitan, eurybathic species to be composed of several vertically stratified species-level lineages, of which some were geographically widespread whilst others were only recovered from a single ocean basin. Antarctic and deep-sea species richness appeared to be clearly underestimated for this group. Considering anthropogenic impacts on these pristine environments, these findings are important for determining conservation protocols. L’océan Austral est, malgré ses conditions extrêmes, caractérisé par une faune benthique particulièrement ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean DIAL@USL-B (Université Saint-Louis, Bruxelles) Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
DIAL@USL-B (Université Saint-Louis, Bruxelles) |
op_collection_id |
ftunistlouisbrus |
language |
English |
topic |
DNA barcoding Phylogeny Phylogeography Systematics Amphipoda Southern Ocean Deep sea |
spellingShingle |
DNA barcoding Phylogeny Phylogeography Systematics Amphipoda Southern Ocean Deep sea Havermans, Charlotte DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
topic_facet |
DNA barcoding Phylogeny Phylogeography Systematics Amphipoda Southern Ocean Deep sea |
description |
Despite its inhospitable conditions, the Southern Ocean is characterized by a surprisingly high biodiversity. Its long-term geographic and thermal isolation produced a diverse and partly endemic benthic fauna. The deep sea also represents an extreme environment where benthic fauna appeared to be much more diverse than suspected. Evolutionary links exist between the Antarctic fauna and that of the world’s deep seas, implying colonisation events between both environments. Unique environmental characteristics generated some assumptions on faunal distributions: circumpolar, eurybathic Antarctic species and cosmopolitan, eurybathic species in the deep sea. Using lysianassoid amphipods as a model group, the aims of this thesis were to investigate, by means of molecular tools, (i) the origin of the biodiversity in the Southern Ocean, (ii) the evolutionary relationships between the faunas of the Southern Ocean and the deep sea and (iii) species richness and distributions in both environments. Phylogenetic analyses revealed incongruence between molecular phylogenies and morphology-based classification and gave an indication of colonisations between the Southern Ocean and the Atlantic deep sea. With DNA barcoding and phylogeographic methods, formerly accepted paradigms of circumpolarity, eurybathy and cosmopolitism were tested. In Antarctic lysianassoids, cryptic species as well as truly circum-Antarctic and eurybathic species were revealed. In the deep sea, we found a cosmopolitan, eurybathic species to be composed of several vertically stratified species-level lineages, of which some were geographically widespread whilst others were only recovered from a single ocean basin. Antarctic and deep-sea species richness appeared to be clearly underestimated for this group. Considering anthropogenic impacts on these pristine environments, these findings are important for determining conservation protocols. L’océan Austral est, malgré ses conditions extrêmes, caractérisé par une faune benthique particulièrement ... |
author2 |
UCL - SST/ELI/ELI - Earth and Life Institute Mallefet, Jérôme Martin, Patrick Van Dyck, Hans Arntz, Wolf Backeljau, Thierry De Broyer, Claude Hance, Thierry Nieberding, Caroline |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Havermans, Charlotte |
author_facet |
Havermans, Charlotte |
author_sort |
Havermans, Charlotte |
title |
DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
title_short |
DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
title_full |
DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
title_fullStr |
DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
title_full_unstemmed |
DNA barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the Lysianassoidea (Crustacea : Amphipoda) from the Southern Ocean and the World's deep seas |
title_sort |
dna barcoding, phylogeography and phylogeny of the lysianassoidea (crustacea : amphipoda) from the southern ocean and the world's deep seas |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/120893 |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
boreal:120893 http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/120893 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1798854030754054144 |