Meridional Contrasts in Productivity Changes Driven by the Opening of Drake Passage

• Published in: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
• Main Authors: Ladant, Jean-Baptiste, Donnadieu, Yannick, Bopp, Laurent, Lear, Caroline, Wilson, Paul
• Other Authors: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wolverhampton, project Anox-Sea - ANR ANR-12-BS06-0011-03
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2018
• Subjects: antarctic circumpolar current; eocene-oligocene transition; ocean circulation changes; global carbon-cycle; southern-ocean; climate-change; biological productivity; atmospheric co2; panama seaway; glaciation; [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean; Atmosphere; [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces; environment; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Drake Passage; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-01806795; https://hal.science/hal-01806795/document; https://hal.science/hal-01806795/file/Meridional%20contrasts%20in%20productivity%20changes%20driven%20by%20the%20opening%20of%20Drake%20Passage.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003211

International audience Changes in atmospheric pCO(2) are widely suggested to have played a major role in both the long-term deterioration of Cenozoic climate and many superimposed rapid climate perturbations such as the pivotal Eocene-Oligocene transition. Changes in marine productivity affecting the biological oceanic carbon pump represent one possible cause of past CO2 variability. Here we explore the relationship between ocean gateway change and marine biogeochemistry. Specifically, we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-biogeochemical model (IPSL-CM5A) to examine global ocean paleoproductivity changes in response to the opening of Drake Passage. In our simulations, we find that Drake Passage opening yields a spatially uniform decrease in primary productivity in the low-latitude oceans while the high-latitude response is more spatially heterogeneous. Mechanistically, the low-latitude productivity decrease is a consequence of a fundamental reorganization of ocean circulation when Drake Passage opens driven by the isolation of the Southern Ocean from low-latitude water masses. Nutrient depletion in the low latitudes is driven by a marked decrease in the intensity of deep convection in the Southern Ocean, which drives the accumulation of nutrients at depth and their depletion in the intermediate and upper ocean, especially away from sites of subduction. In the high latitudes, the onset of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the model exerts a strong control both on nutrient availability and on regions of deep-water formation. The qualitative agreement between geographically diverse long-term paleoproductivity records and the simulated variations suggests that Drake Passage opening may contribute to the long-term paleoproductivity signal.