Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia
International audience Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A. D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the pas...
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2013
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Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572/document https://hal.science/hal-00904572/file/16742.full.pdf |
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ftuniparissaclay:oai:HAL:hal-00904572v1 |
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Archives ouvertes de Paris-Saclay |
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ftuniparissaclay |
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English |
topic |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
spellingShingle |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences Lavigne, F. Degeai, Jean-Philippe Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Guillet, S. Robert, V. Lahitte, P. Oppenheimer, C. Stoffel, M. Vidal, C.M. Surono, Surono Pratomo, I. Wassmer, P. Hajdas, I. Hadmoko, Danang Sri de Belizal, Edouard Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
topic_facet |
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences |
description |
International audience Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A. D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y. Tree rings, medieval chronicles, and computational models corroborate the expected worldwide atmospheric and climatic effects of this eruption. However, until now there has been no convincing candidate for the mid-13th century "mystery eruption." Drawing upon compelling evidence from stratigraphic and geomorphic data, physical volcanology, radiocarbon dating, tephra geochemistry, and chronicles, we argue the source of this long-sought eruption is the Samalas volcano, adjacent to Mount Rinjani on Lombok Island, Indonesia. At least 40 km(3) (dense-rock equivalent) of tephra were deposited and the eruption column reached an altitude of up to 43 km. Three principal pumice fallout deposits mantle the region and thick pyroclastic flow deposits are found at the coast, 25 km from source. With an estimated magnitude of 7, this event ranks among the largest Holocene explosive eruptions. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal are consistent with a mid-13th century eruption. In addition, glass geochemistry of the associated pumice deposits matches that of shards found in both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores, providing compelling evidence to link the prominent A. D. 1258/1259 ice core sulfate spike to Samalas. We further constrain the timing of the mystery eruption based on tephra dispersal and historical records, suggesting it occurred between May and October A. D. 1257. |
author2 |
Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM) Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC) Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institute Geology Sciences Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE) Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES) Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Geography Cambridge, UK University of Cambridge UK (CAM) Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation CVGHM Fac. Geog & Amenagement Lab Ion Beam Phys Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich) Dpt Environm Geog, Fac Geog Gadjah Mada University |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lavigne, F. Degeai, Jean-Philippe Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Guillet, S. Robert, V. Lahitte, P. Oppenheimer, C. Stoffel, M. Vidal, C.M. Surono, Surono Pratomo, I. Wassmer, P. Hajdas, I. Hadmoko, Danang Sri de Belizal, Edouard |
author_facet |
Lavigne, F. Degeai, Jean-Philippe Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Guillet, S. Robert, V. Lahitte, P. Oppenheimer, C. Stoffel, M. Vidal, C.M. Surono, Surono Pratomo, I. Wassmer, P. Hajdas, I. Hadmoko, Danang Sri de Belizal, Edouard |
author_sort |
Lavigne, F. |
title |
Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
title_short |
Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
title_full |
Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
title_fullStr |
Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia |
title_sort |
source of the great ad 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, samalas volcano, rinjani volcanic complex, indonesia |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572/document https://hal.science/hal-00904572/file/16742.full.pdf |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic ice core |
op_source |
ISSN: 0027-8424 EISSN: 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America https://hal.science/hal-00904572 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110 ((42):), pp.16742-16747 (IF 9,737) |
op_relation |
hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572/document https://hal.science/hal-00904572/file/16742.full.pdf |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
_version_ |
1810493013348057088 |
spelling |
ftuniparissaclay:oai:HAL:hal-00904572v1 2024-09-15T17:45:15+00:00 Source of the great AD 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia Lavigne, F. Degeai, Jean-Philippe Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Guillet, S. Robert, V. Lahitte, P. Oppenheimer, C. Stoffel, M. Vidal, C.M. Surono, Surono Pratomo, I. Wassmer, P. Hajdas, I. Hadmoko, Danang Sri de Belizal, Edouard Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP) Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM) Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC) Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institute Geology Sciences Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE) Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES) Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Department of Geography Cambridge, UK University of Cambridge UK (CAM) Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation CVGHM Fac. Geog & Amenagement Lab Ion Beam Phys Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich) Dpt Environm Geog, Fac Geog Gadjah Mada University 2013 https://hal.science/hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572/document https://hal.science/hal-00904572/file/16742.full.pdf en eng HAL CCSD National Academy of Sciences hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572 https://hal.science/hal-00904572/document https://hal.science/hal-00904572/file/16742.full.pdf info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 0027-8424 EISSN: 1091-6490 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America https://hal.science/hal-00904572 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110 ((42):), pp.16742-16747 (IF 9,737) [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2013 ftuniparissaclay 2024-07-25T23:36:26Z International audience Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A. D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y. Tree rings, medieval chronicles, and computational models corroborate the expected worldwide atmospheric and climatic effects of this eruption. However, until now there has been no convincing candidate for the mid-13th century "mystery eruption." Drawing upon compelling evidence from stratigraphic and geomorphic data, physical volcanology, radiocarbon dating, tephra geochemistry, and chronicles, we argue the source of this long-sought eruption is the Samalas volcano, adjacent to Mount Rinjani on Lombok Island, Indonesia. At least 40 km(3) (dense-rock equivalent) of tephra were deposited and the eruption column reached an altitude of up to 43 km. Three principal pumice fallout deposits mantle the region and thick pyroclastic flow deposits are found at the coast, 25 km from source. With an estimated magnitude of 7, this event ranks among the largest Holocene explosive eruptions. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal are consistent with a mid-13th century eruption. In addition, glass geochemistry of the associated pumice deposits matches that of shards found in both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores, providing compelling evidence to link the prominent A. D. 1258/1259 ice core sulfate spike to Samalas. We further constrain the timing of the mystery eruption based on tephra dispersal and historical records, suggesting it occurred between May and October A. D. 1257. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic ice core Archives ouvertes de Paris-Saclay |