A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea
A nano-sized obligate symbiont obtained from a submarine hydrothermal system north of Iceland represents a novel kingdom of Archaea—the Nanoarchaeota. Cells of Nanoarchaeum equitans are only 400 nm in diameter, resulting in a cell volume of less than 1% of an Escherichia coli cell. They grow attache...
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2005
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ftuninevadalveg:oai:digitalscholarship.unlv.edu:sls_fac_articles-1118 2023-05-15T16:51:41+02:00 A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea Stetter, Karl O. Hohn, Michael J. Huber, Harald Rachel, Reinhard Mathur, Eric Hedlund, Brian P. Jahn, Ulrike W.P. Inskeep and T.R. McDermott 2005-01-01T08:00:00Z https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/sls_fac_articles/119 English eng Digital Scholarship@UNLV https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/sls_fac_articles/119 Life Sciences Faculty Publications 16S rDNA Genome sequencing Genomes Hot springs Hyperthermophilic Nanoarchaeota Parasites Phylogeny Russia – Uzon Caldera Thermophilic bacteria Thermophilic microorganisms United States – Yellowstone National Park Bacteriology Genetics and Genomics Life Sciences Microbiology chapter 2005 ftuninevadalveg 2023-01-16T16:21:15Z A nano-sized obligate symbiont obtained from a submarine hydrothermal system north of Iceland represents a novel kingdom of Archaea—the Nanoarchaeota. Cells of Nanoarchaeum equitans are only 400 nm in diameter, resulting in a cell volume of less than 1% of an Escherichia coli cell. They grow attached to the surface of a new Ignicoccus species under strict anaerobic conditions at temperatures between 75°C and 98°C. In contrast to the Ignicoccus host cell, N. equitans possesses an S-layer. The small subunit SSU rRNA gene exhibits a unique sequence characterized by base exchanges even in segments previously thought to be identical for all organisms (“universal” signatures). N. equitans harbours a genome of only 490 kb, one of the smallest genomes known so far. The analysis of its gene content reveals only very limited biosynthetic and metabolic capacities, indicating that the symbiotic relationship to Ignicoccus is parasitic. Comparison of the membrane lipids of N. equitans and its host Ignicoccus reveals that both organisms harboured qualitatively identical lipids suggesting that the N. equitans lipids are synthesized by the Ignicoccus host. Unlike many small genome bacterial parasites, N. equitans has few pseudogenes or regions of non-coding DNA. Examination of environmental DNAs from terrestrial hot springs at Yellowstone National Park; Uzon Caldera, Russia; and from an abyssal vent system at the East Pacific Rise resulted in the finding of further novel nanoarchaeotal SSU rRNA gene sequences, demonstrating great diversity and worldwide distribution of the Nanoarchaeota which had been completely overlooked, so far. Book Part Iceland University of Nevada, Las Vegas: Digital Scholarship@UNLV |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Nevada, Las Vegas: Digital Scholarship@UNLV |
op_collection_id |
ftuninevadalveg |
language |
English |
topic |
16S rDNA Genome sequencing Genomes Hot springs Hyperthermophilic Nanoarchaeota Parasites Phylogeny Russia – Uzon Caldera Thermophilic bacteria Thermophilic microorganisms United States – Yellowstone National Park Bacteriology Genetics and Genomics Life Sciences Microbiology |
spellingShingle |
16S rDNA Genome sequencing Genomes Hot springs Hyperthermophilic Nanoarchaeota Parasites Phylogeny Russia – Uzon Caldera Thermophilic bacteria Thermophilic microorganisms United States – Yellowstone National Park Bacteriology Genetics and Genomics Life Sciences Microbiology Stetter, Karl O. Hohn, Michael J. Huber, Harald Rachel, Reinhard Mathur, Eric Hedlund, Brian P. Jahn, Ulrike A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
topic_facet |
16S rDNA Genome sequencing Genomes Hot springs Hyperthermophilic Nanoarchaeota Parasites Phylogeny Russia – Uzon Caldera Thermophilic bacteria Thermophilic microorganisms United States – Yellowstone National Park Bacteriology Genetics and Genomics Life Sciences Microbiology |
description |
A nano-sized obligate symbiont obtained from a submarine hydrothermal system north of Iceland represents a novel kingdom of Archaea—the Nanoarchaeota. Cells of Nanoarchaeum equitans are only 400 nm in diameter, resulting in a cell volume of less than 1% of an Escherichia coli cell. They grow attached to the surface of a new Ignicoccus species under strict anaerobic conditions at temperatures between 75°C and 98°C. In contrast to the Ignicoccus host cell, N. equitans possesses an S-layer. The small subunit SSU rRNA gene exhibits a unique sequence characterized by base exchanges even in segments previously thought to be identical for all organisms (“universal” signatures). N. equitans harbours a genome of only 490 kb, one of the smallest genomes known so far. The analysis of its gene content reveals only very limited biosynthetic and metabolic capacities, indicating that the symbiotic relationship to Ignicoccus is parasitic. Comparison of the membrane lipids of N. equitans and its host Ignicoccus reveals that both organisms harboured qualitatively identical lipids suggesting that the N. equitans lipids are synthesized by the Ignicoccus host. Unlike many small genome bacterial parasites, N. equitans has few pseudogenes or regions of non-coding DNA. Examination of environmental DNAs from terrestrial hot springs at Yellowstone National Park; Uzon Caldera, Russia; and from an abyssal vent system at the East Pacific Rise resulted in the finding of further novel nanoarchaeotal SSU rRNA gene sequences, demonstrating great diversity and worldwide distribution of the Nanoarchaeota which had been completely overlooked, so far. |
author2 |
W.P. Inskeep and T.R. McDermott |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Stetter, Karl O. Hohn, Michael J. Huber, Harald Rachel, Reinhard Mathur, Eric Hedlund, Brian P. Jahn, Ulrike |
author_facet |
Stetter, Karl O. Hohn, Michael J. Huber, Harald Rachel, Reinhard Mathur, Eric Hedlund, Brian P. Jahn, Ulrike |
author_sort |
Stetter, Karl O. |
title |
A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
title_short |
A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
title_full |
A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
title_fullStr |
A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
title_full_unstemmed |
A novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
title_sort |
novel kingdom of parasitic archaea |
publisher |
Digital Scholarship@UNLV |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/sls_fac_articles/119 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Life Sciences Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/sls_fac_articles/119 |
_version_ |
1766041797643993088 |