Atmospheric muons measured with the KM3NeT detectors in comparison with updated numeric predictions

• Main Authors: Aiello, S, Albert, A, Alshamsi, M, Garre, S. Alves, Ambrosone, A, Ameli, F, Andre, M, Androutsou, E, Anguita, M, Aphecetche, L, Ardid, M, Ardid, S, Arsenic, A, Atmani, H, Aublin, J, Badaracco, F, Bailly-Salins, L, Bardačová, Z, Baret, B, Bariego-Quintana, A, Du Pree, S. Basegmez, Becherini, Y, Bendahman, M, Benfenati, F, Benhassi, M, Benoit, D.M, Berbee, E, Bertin, V, Biagi, S, Boettcher, M, Bonanno, D, Boumaaza, J, Bouta, M, Bouwhuis, M, Bozza, C, Bozza, R.M, Brânzaş, H, Bretaudeau, F, Breuhaus, M, Bruijn, R, Brunner, J, Bruno, R, Buis, E, Buompane, R, Busto, J, Caiffi, B, Calvo, D, Campion, S, Capone, A, Carenini, F, Carretero, V, Cartraud, T, Castaldi, P, Cecchini, V, Celli, S, Cerisy, L, Chabab, M, Chadolias, M, Chen, A, Cherubini, S, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Cocimano, R, Coelho, J.A.B, Coleiro, A, Condorelli, A, Coniglione, R, Coyle, P, Creusot, A, Cuttone, G, Dallier, R, Darras, Y, de Benedittis, A, de Martino, B, Decoene, V, del Burgo, R, del Rosso, I, Di Mauro, L.S, Di Palma, I, Díaz, A.F, Diaz, C, Diego-Tortosa, D, Distefano, C, Domi, A, Donzaud, C, Dornic, D, Dörr, M, Drakopoulou, E, Drouhin, D, Ducoin, J.-G, Dvornický, R, Eberl, T, Eckerová, E, Eddymaoui, A, van Eeden, T, Eff, M, van Eijk, D, Bojaddaini, I. El, El Hedri, S, Enzenhöfer, A, Ferrara, G, Filipović, M.D, Filippini, F, Franciotti, D, Fusco, L.A, Gagliardini, S, Gal, T, Méndez, J. García, Garcia Soto, A, Oliver, C. Gatius, Geißelbrecht, N, Ghaddari, H, Gialanella, L, Gibson, B.K, Giorgio, E, Goos, I, Goswami, P, Gozzini, S.R, Gracia, R, Graf, K, Guidi, C, Guillon, B, Gutiérrez, M, Haack, C, van Haren, H, Heijboer, A, Hekalo, A, Hennig, L, Hernández-Rey, J.J, Ibnsalih, W. Idrissi, Illuminati, G, Joly, D, de Jong, M, de Jong, P, Jung, B.J, Kalaczyński, P, Kalekin, O, Katz, U.F, Khatun, A, Kistauri, G, Kopper, C, Kouchner, A, Kueviakoe, V, Kulikovskiy, V, Kvatadze, R, Labalme, M, Lahmann, R, Larosa, G, Lastoria, C, Lazo, A, Le Stum, S, Lehaut, G, Leonora, E, Lessing, N, Levi, G, Longhitano, F, Magnani, F, Majumdar, J, Malerba, L, Mamedov, F, Mańczak, J, Manfreda, A, Marconi, M, Margiotta, A, Marinelli, A, Markou, C, Martin, L, Marzaioli, F, Mastrodicasa, M, Mastroianni, S, Miccichè, S, Miele, G, Migliozzi, P, Migneco, E, Mitsou, M.L, Mollo, C.M, Morales-Gallegos, L, Moretti, G, Moussa, A, Mateo, I. Mozun, Muller, R, Musone, M.R, Musumeci, M, Navas, S, Nayerhoda, A, Nicolau, C.A, Nkosi, B, Fearraigh, B.Ó, Oliviero, V, Orlando, A, Oukacha, E, Paesani, D, Palacios González, J, Papalashvili, G, Parisi, V, Gomez, E.J. Pastor, Păun, A.M, Păvălaş, G.E, Pelegris, I, Martínez, S. Peña, Perrin-Terrin, M, Perronnel, J, Pestel, V, Pestes, R, Piattelli, P, Poirè, C, Popa, V, Pradier, T, Prado, J, Pulvirenti, S, Quiroz-Rangel, C.A, Rahaman, U, Randazzo, N, Razzaque, S, Rea, I.C, Real, D, Riccobene, G, Robinson, J, Romanov, A, Šaina, A, Salesa Greus, F, Samtleben, D.F.E, Sánchez Losa, A, Sanfilippo, S, Sanguineti, M, Santonastaso, C, Santonocito, D, Sapienza, P, Schnabel, J, Schumann, J, Schutte, H.M, Seneca, J, Sennan, N, Setter, B, Sgura, I, Shanidze, R, Sharma, A, Shitov, Y, Šimkovic, F, Simonelli, A, Sinopoulou, A, Smirnov, M.V, Spisso, B, Spurio, M, Stavropoulos, D, Štekl, I, Taiuti, M, Tayalati, Y, Thiersen, H, Melo, I. Tosta E, Tragia, E, Trocmé, B, Tsourapis, V, Tudorache, A, Tzamariudaki, E, Vacheret, A, Melchor, A. Valer, Valsecchi, V, van Elewyck, V, Vannoye, G, Vasileiadis, G, de Sola, F. Vazquez, Veutro, A, Viola, S, Vivolo, D, Wilms, J, de Wolf, E, Yepes-Ramirez, H, Yvon, I, Zarpapis, G, Zavatarelli, S, Zegarelli, A, Zito, D, Zornoza, J.D, Zúñiga, J, Zywucka, N
• Other Authors: Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire de Caen (LPCC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), KM3NeT
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2024
• Subjects: showers: atmosphere; cosmic radiation: primary; neutrino: detector; quantum chromodynamics: model; muon: flux; cosmic radiation: flux; interaction: model; detector: fluorescence; KM3NeT; air; TeV; shower detector; water; numerical calculations; energy spectrum; CORSIKA; [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]; [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]; Orca
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-04555851

International audience The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of the cosmic ray flux, complementary to the information provided by fluorescence detectors. Detailed simulations of the cosmic ray air showers are carried out, using codes such as CORSIKA, to estimate the muon flux at sea level. These simulations are based on the choice of hadronic interaction models, for which improvements have been implemented in the post-LHC era. In this work, a deficit in simulations that use state-of-the-art QCD models with respect to the measurement deep underwater with the KM3NeT neutrino detectors is reported. The KM3NeT/ARCA and KM3NeT/ORCA neutrino telescopes are sensitive to TeV muons originating mostly from primary cosmic rays with energies around 10 TeV. The predictions of state-of-the-art QCD models show that the deficit with respect to the data is constant in zenith angle; no dependency on the water overburden is observed. The observed deficit at a depth of several kilometres is compatible with the deficit seen in the comparison of the simulations and measurements at sea level.