ANALIZA MOTIVACIJE MLADIH ZA USTANOVITEV PODJETJA - Maver, Anita (2017)
V Sloveniji je gospodarska kriza leta 2008 močno vplivala na trg dela. Posledice so se odražale kot naraščanje stopnje brezposelnosti. Visoko stopnjo brezposelnosti je bilo zaznati tudi med mladimi. Ti so zaradi omejenih možnosti velikokrat sprejeli delo, ki ga ne bi, če bi imeli izbiro. Stanje brezposelnosti se zdaj izboljšuje. V letu 2015 je delež brezposelnih mladih upadel na najnižjo raven. Kot rešitev se je pojavilo podjetništvo. Država, agencije, zavodi in šolstvo so začeli spodbujati mlade k podjetniški poti. Država ponuja subvencije, ki omogočajo lažji zagon pri odprtju podjetja. Organizacije, zavodi in šolstvo pa mladim ponujajo izobraževanja in delavnice, s katerimi želijo med njimi spodbuditi ustvarjalnost, podjetnost in inovativnost. Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati področje mladih v Sloveniji in podjetništva kot način reševanja problema brezposelnosti. Ugotoviti želim, ali se mladi odločijo za podjetništvo zaradi edine možnosti zaposlitve in vpliva okolja ali je to osebna odločitev, želja oziroma zaznana priložnost po lastnem podjetju. Analizo sem izvajala med mladimi podjetniki, starimi med 18 in 35 let. Z anonimno anketo sem želela raziskati, kaj mlade podjetnike motivira za odločitev o podjetniški poti. Želela sem ugotoviti, kako se je razvila njihova želja, in preučiti njihove strahove in ovire na poti. Uporabila sem deskriptivno metodo s študijem domače in tuje literature. Rezultati so pokazali, da se vse več mladih odloča za podjetništvo zaradi lastnih interesov, osebnih ambicij in želje po uspehu. Za odločitev so jih motivirali prijatelji in družina ali pa so se za podjetništvo odločili sami, saj so v tem videli priložnost. Podjetništvo ni bila edina možnost zaposlitve, vendar so se zanjo vseeno odločili. Večina je za odprtje podjetja uporabila lastne prihranke, le peščica se je odločila za pomoč subvencije. Pri zagonu podjetja so se pojavile tudi ovire, kot so finančna tveganja, administrativne zahteve in pomanjkanje znanja in veščin. Za podjetništvo so se odločili kljub strahovom pred neuspehom in preveliko odgovornostjo. Prevladujejo mikro in mala podjetja, vendar rastejo. Za analizo mladih pri odprtju lastnega podjetja sem se odločila, ker sem želela izvedeti, ali se za podjetništvo odločajo zaradi nuje ali priložnosti. Po analizi sem ugotovila, da prevladujejo odločitve zaradi priložnosti. Economic crisis in Slovenia has significantly influenced job market in 2008. Consequences have been felt in form of unemployment rate increase. High level of unemployment was also effecting young population. Young people were forced to do jobs that they would turn down if they had a choice. Job market is now improving. In 2015 unemployment rate was at the lowest level again. Entrepreneurship has emerged as a solution to solve high unemployment rate. The government, agencies, institutes and educational establishments have all started to encourage entrepreneurship among young people. Governments are offering subsidies, grants that are making it easier to start a new venture. Institutes and education are offering trainings and workshops to young people. They are trying to encourage creativity, entrepreneurship and innovation among young people. Purpose of this diploma is to research young people and entrepreneurship in Slovenia as a solution to high unemployment. Is decision to start their own companies the only way of employment for young people? How did environment influence on it. If it was their own decision, what were their goals, have they seized an opportunity to open a company? I have been performing my analysis among young entrepreneurs aged from 18 to 35. I have wanted to research what is the main motivation behind the decision to become entrepreneurs with an anonymous survey. To determine how the idea of their own company has developed and study their fears and constrains on their path. I have used a descriptive method with studying local and foreign literature. Results have shown that more and more young people are deciding to become entrepreneurs because of their own interests, personal ambitious and an urge to succeed. Family and friends have motivated them to follow the entrepreneurship patch or they have decided to open their own companies by themselves after seeing an opportunity. Entrepreneurship has not been the only option to get employment but they have still chosen to follow this path. Most of the used their own savings to start new ventures, only a hand full of them used government grants, subsidies. There have been obstacles such as financial risk, administration requests and lack of knowledge and capabilities to name a few. They have chosen to become entrepreneurs despite their fears of failure and big responsibility. Most of companies are micro companies and small companies by size, however they are growing bigger each year. I chose to analyze young people who are starting their own ventures because I wanted to find out if they are deciding for entrepreneurship out of necessity or out of opportunity. My analysis has shown that decisions out of opportunity prevail.